Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40566538›Full record

ReviewLife (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Traumatic Brain Injury: Novel Experimental Approaches and Treatment Possibilities.

Kristina Pilipović, Tamara Janković, Jelena Rajič Bumber, Andrej Belančić, Jasenka Mršić-Pelčić

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Kristina PilipovićDepartment of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.ORCID 0000-0002-7129-1621
Tamara JankovićDepartment of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.ORCID 0000-0001-6203-2858
Jelena Rajič BumberDepartment of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
Andrej BelančićDepartment of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.ORCID 0000-0001-7848-6600
Jasenka Mršić-PelčićDepartment of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.ORCID 0000-0002-6313-9232

Funding

Croatian Science Foundation UIP-2017-05-9517University of Rijeka uniri-iskusni-biomed-23-56University of Rijeka uniri-iskusni-biomed-23-82University of Rijeka uniri-mladi-biomed-23-38
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a critical global health issue with limited effective treatments. Traditional care of TBI patients focuses on stabilization and symptom management without regenerating damaged brain tissue. In this review, we analyze the current state of treatment of TBI, with focus on novel therapeutic approaches aimed at reducing secondary brain injury and promoting recovery. There are few innovative strategies that break away from the traditional, biological target-focused treatment approaches. Precision medicine includes personalized treatments based on biomarkers, genetics, advanced imaging, and artificial intelligence tools for prognosis and monitoring. Stem cell therapies are used to repair tissue, regulate immune responses, and support neural regeneration, with ongoing development in gene-enhanced approaches. Nanomedicine uses nanomaterials for targeted drug delivery, neuroprotection, and diagnostics by crossing the blood-brain barrier. Brain-machine interfaces enable brain-device communication to restore lost motor or neurological functions, while virtual rehabilitation and neuromodulation use virtual and augmented reality as well as brain stimulation techniques to improve rehabilitation outcomes. While these approaches show great potential, most are still in development and require more clinical testing to confirm safety and effectiveness. The future of TBI therapy looks promising, with innovative strategies likely to transform care.

Indexed as

brain injuriesbrain–machine interfacesnanomedicinepluripotent stem cellsprecision medicinetraumaticvirtual rehabilitation

Identifiers

PMID40566538
PMCPMC12193815

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.