Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40568560›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2025

Metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: definitions, epidemiology, pathophysiology, interventions, and challenges.

Baoquan Zhang, Huiying Shi, Wenhong Cai, Bin Yang, Wenlong Xiu

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  6. Cardiovascular disease burden in children with obesity: A narrative review.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026
    Review
  7. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Baoquan ZhangNeonatology Department, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
Huiying ShiNeonatology Department, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
Wenhong CaiNeonatology Department, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
Bin YangNeonatology Department, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
Wenlong XiuNeonatology Department, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of cardiometabolic risk factors with high prevalence in the adult population. To date, there is no consensus on the definition for MetS in children and adolescents despite the presence of well-established diagnostic criteria in adults. The etiology of MetS is associated with a complex interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors, in which the modifiable environmental risk factors are considered to play an important role in this process. MetS is significantly associated with an increased risk of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Thus, it is necessary to pay attention to the prevention of MetS in childhood and adulthood. Given the current epidemic of obesity in children and adolescents, there is an urgent need to provide adequate guidelines for the definition, screening, and treatment strategies of MetS in younger patients. In this narrative review, we provide some diagnostic criteria and epidemiological studies and highlight the pathogenesis and management of MetS.

Indexed as

Metabolic SyndromeAdolescentChildHumansPrevalenceRisk Factorsadolescentscardiovascular diseaseschildrendiabetes mellitusepidemiologymetabolic syndromeobesity

Identifiers

PMID40568560
PMCPMC12187684

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.