Evidence mapPaperPMID 40568728Full record

ReviewAnnals of medicine2025

Obesity: assessment and treatment across the care continuum.

Robert F Kushner, Marla Shapiro

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Annals of medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Robert F KushnerDepartments of Medicine and Medical Education, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1380-3705
Marla ShapiroDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundObesity is a chronic condition of dysregulated energy balance that is caused by a confluence of nutritional, neurological, hormonal and metabolic factors. Clinically, obesity is associated with myriad consequences to overall health. Treatment should be based on a shared decision-making process between the patient and their professional team that considers the stage of the disease, wellness goals and desired lifestyle and can include a combination of behavioural and lifestyle interventions, pharmacological therapies and surgery. The chronic nature of obesity necessitates adjustments in treatment plans to match the evolving needs and goals of the patient over time, establishing a 'care continuum.'

methodsWe conducted a broad, narrative literature search using PubMed for articles published on the assessment, diagnosis and treatment of adults with obesity.

resultsIn this narrative literature review, we outline evidence-based best practices for the diagnosis and assessment of obesity along with the various available treatment modalities. We also present considerations for treating patients with obesity with a focus on the selection of obesity medications based on severity, concurrent conditions, mechanisms of action and treatment goals. Finally, we discuss lifestyle management, the shift from weight loss to weight maintenance, and the implications of these changes in the care continuum.

conclusionContinued, individualized treatment of patients with obesity from diagnosis to weight maintenance is imperative for sustained weight reductions, and strategies should be tailored to the changing needs of patients over time.

Indexed as

Continuity of Patient CareObesityAnti-Obesity AgentsBariatric SurgeryHumansLife StyleWeight LossAnti-Obesity Agentsbehavioural interventionchronic careObesitypatient-centred carepharmacotherapyshared decision-making

Identifiers

PMID40568728
PMCPMC12203702

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.