Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40569436›Full record

ArticleDiabetologia2025

A type 1 diabetes genetic risk score discriminates between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population.

Jingyi Hu, Guozhi Jiang, Jiabi Qin, Shuoming Luo, Baoqi Fan, Zhiguo Xie, Raymond Wan, Xia Li, Claudia H T Tam, Zhenqian Wang and 19 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetologia, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Genetic basis of Asian diabetes.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

29 authors.

Jingyi HuNational Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5385-9113
Guozhi JiangSchool of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2795-714X
Jiabi QinDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9360-4991
Shuoming LuoNational Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
Baoqi FanDepartment of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Zhiguo XieNational Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5037-3807
Raymond WanDepartment of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Xia LiNational Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8665-7983
Claudia H T TamDepartment of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Zhenqian WangSchool of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8700-0836
Jin DingNational Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1891-9106
Ying XiaNational Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-6934-6827
Yuanqin YangNational Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-2600-1693
Jian LinNational Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
Gechang YuDepartment of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6887-6733
Ping JinDepartment of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-076X
Cadmon K P LimDepartment of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Hong Kong Diabetes Biobank Study Group
Andrea O Y LukDepartment of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Wing Yee SoDepartment of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Juliana C N ChanDepartment of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Congyi WangDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Jiaqi HuangNational Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7808-9477
Michael N WeedonDepartment of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
William A HagopianDepartment of Paediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Richard A OramInstitute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, and The Academic Kidney Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK. r.oram@exeter.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3581-8980
Ronald C W MaDepartment of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. rcwma@cuhk.edu.hk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1227-803X
Yang XiaoNational Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China. xiaoyang29@csu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3927-1839
Zhiguang ZhouNational Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China. zhouzhiguang@csu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0374-1838

Funding

the National Key Research and Development Program of China 2018YFE0114500the National Natural Science Foundation of China 82200933the National Natural Science Foundation of China 82270891the Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project 2023ZD0507300the Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project 2023ZD0508200the Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project 2023ZD0508201the Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project 2023ZD0509100the Research Grants Council Theme-based Research Scheme T12-402/13 Nthe Research Impact Fund R4012-18the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province 2024RC3054
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aims/hypothesisWe aimed to generate a population-specific type 1 diabetes genetic risk score (GRS) and assess whether it could improve discrimination between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population.

methodsWe performed a genome-wide association analysis on 1303 individuals with type 1 diabetes and 2236 control individuals. An independent replication cohort of 501 individuals with type 1 diabetes and 853 control individuals was used to validate the top common variant associations. HLA typing data were used to identify tag SNPs for DQA1-DQB1 haplotypes. We integrated significant signals to construct a Chinese type 1 diabetes GRS (C-GRS). The accuracy of the C-GRS was tested in an independent validation cohort consisting of 262 individuals with type 1 diabetes, 1080 individuals with type 2 diabetes and 208 control individuals.

resultsWe identified a variant, rs10232170, in BMPER as a possible novel type 1 diabetes locus (p=9.897×10 CONCLUSIONS/

interpretationA type 1 diabetes C-GRS comprising 33 SNPs was highly discriminative of type 1 diabetes risk in the Chinese population and could aid in discriminating between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. This study highlights the potential of genetic information in improving prediction and precision diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in the Chinese population. DATA AVAILABILITY: The raw sequencing data and summary statistics of genomic DNA derived from human samples have been deposited at the China National Center for Bioinformation ( https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/omix ) under accession number PRJCA023730.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2AdultChinaEast Asian PeopleFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenetic Risk ScoreGenome-Wide Association StudyHaplotypesHumansMaleMiddle AgedPolymorphism, Single NucleotideRisk FactorsClinical diabetesClinical scienceGenetics / Epidemiology (all)Genetics of type 1 diabetesPrediction and prevention of type 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40569436
PMCPMC12361272

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.