Evidence mapPaperPMID 40569532Full record

ReviewJournal of endocrinological investigation2025

GDF15: An emerging disease target and biomarker of metabolic diseases.

Chenyun Yang, Huiling Chen, Xiaojing Huang, Ligang Zhou, Xinlu Yuan

Abstract readReview
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In one paragraph

Review in Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Chenyun YangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Fudan University, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201399, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-7542-5112
Huiling ChenDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Fudan University, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201399, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-9615-7120
Xiaojing HuangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Fudan University, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201399, China.
Ligang ZhouDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Fudan University, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201399, China.
Xinlu YuanDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Fudan University, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201399, China. endosubmit@126.com.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82100850Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission YJRCJJ201808the Project of Key Medical Specialty of Pudong Hospital of Fudan University Tszb2023-14
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeGrowth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, has garnered increasing attention for its involvement in metabolic regulation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the secretion mechanisms and functional roles of GDF15 in metabolic diseases (MD), with the goal of informing future clinical diagnostics, guiding biomarker discovery, and advancing personalized treatment strategies.

methodsThis review synthesizes findings from both experimental and clinical studies that investigate the physiological expression, regulatory mechanisms, and systemic actions of GDF15. Particular focus is placed on the GDF15-GFRAL-RET signaling axis and its influence on glucose and lipid metabolism, appetite regulation, and energy homeostasis across key metabolic organs and systems.

resultsNumerous studies have established a robust correlation between serum GDF15 concentrations and a spectrum of MD. The GDF15-GFRAL-RET signaling pathway is responsible for modulating glucose and lipid metabolism, suppressing appetite, and maintaining energy homeostasis by integrating the actions of various tissue systems, such as the liver, adipose tissue, muscle, the central nervous system, and the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. Additionally, these regulatory effects are largely independent of appetite-regulating hormones such as leptin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and they may exhibit coordinated effects.

conclusionGDF15 plays a key role in metabolic regulation and shows strong potential as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for MD. Continued research is needed to support its clinical application and guide the development of personalized treatment strategies.

Indexed as

BiomarkersGrowth Differentiation Factor 15Metabolic DiseasesAnimalsHumansSignal TransductionBiomarkersGDF15 protein, humanGrowth Differentiation Factor 15Cardiovascular diseaseGDF15Insulin homeostasisMASLDObesity

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.