Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40574228›Full record

ArticlePolymers2025

The Characterization of Polymers That Mimic the Aortic Wall's Mechanical Properties and Their Suitability for Use in the 3D Printing of Aortic Phantoms.

Moritz Wegner, Benan Sahin Karagoez, David Wippel, Florian K Enzmann, Anja Niehoff, Oroa Salem, Bernhard Dorweiler

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Polymers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Moritz WegnerDepartment of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0601-9223
Benan Sahin KaragoezDepartment of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
David WippelDepartment of Vascular Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Florian K EnzmannDepartment of Vascular Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-7200-4145
Anja NiehoffInstitute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-4165-0929
Oroa SalemDepartment of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
Bernhard DorweilerDepartment of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-8262-8381

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Do1289/9-1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

(1) While three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is increasingly being used for the fabrication of high-fidelity, patient-specific aortic models, data on the mechanical properties of polymers are sparse. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify suitable polymers for this purpose. (2) Methods: Eight flexible polymers, with Shore A hardnesses (ShA) of 27-85, were tested to determine their suitability for PolyJet printing technology. They were tested against porcine aortic and bovine pericardial tissue for suture retention strength, uniaxial stress testing according to ISO 37, and burst pressure in a standardized test setting. (3) Results: The polymers with a ShA of 30-50 showed statistically non-inferior suture retention strength, tensile strength, and burst pressure resistance when compared to pericardial and aortic tissue, respectively. (4) Conclusions: This was the first report to analyze the mechanical properties of eight different flexible PolyJet polymers. We found that the polymers with a Shore A hardness of 30-50 most closely mimicked the mechanical properties of aortic tissue. Therefore, they can be recommended for the additive manufacturing (3D printing) of aortic phantoms for simulation and training purposes.

Indexed as

aortic diseasesmaterial testingpolymersprintingsimulation trainingthree-dimensional

Identifiers

PMID40574228
PMCPMC12197227

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.