miR-137: A therapeutic candidate or a key molecular regulator in Alzheimer's disease?

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder driven by amyloid-β accumulation, tau pathology, and synaptic dysfunction. Recent studies highlight miR-137, a brain-enriched microRNA, as a pivotal regulator of AD pathogenesis. This review synthesizes evidence that miR-137 modulates amyloid-β production, tau phosphorylation, synaptic plasticity, and neuroinflammation, while also preserving mitochondrial function and mitigating oxidative stress. Notably, circulating miR-137 levels correlate with AD progression, offering promise as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker. Beyond diagnostics, miR-137's ability to target multiple AD-related pathways positions it as a novel therapeutic candidate for neuroprotection. Hence, miR-137 serves as both a biomarker and therapeutic target, offering promising strategies to slow AD progression and improve outcomes. Our bioinformatic analyses further identify miR-137-regulated genes and disrupted networks, underscoring its central role in AD. By bridging molecular mechanisms and clinical potential, miR-137-based strategies could transform AD management, addressing both pathological hallmarks and cognitive decline. Hence, this review article consolidates evidence of miR-137's multifaceted functions in AD, encouraging further investigation into its molecular mechanisms and translational potential to address this pathogenic condition.