Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40575152›Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in oncology2025

Global burden of breast cancer and application of patient-reported outcomes in clinical trials: a systematic analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2021 and WHO international clinical trial register database.

Jiaxin Hao, Yijia Gong, Xiaowen Zhang, Minghong Du, Huan Wang, Guolin Guo, Mengqing Zhou, Tian Tian, Hongguo Rong

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Jiaxin Hao *Center for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Yijia Gong *Center for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Xiaowen ZhangCenter for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Minghong DuCenter for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Huan WangCenter for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Guolin GuoSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Mengqing ZhouSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Tian TianSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Hongguo RongCenter for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent tumors worldwide, significantly compromising the survival and quality of life of patients. This study aims to evaluate the global burden and the application of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in clinical trials of breast cancer. Methods: Data of breast cancer burden is extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021 database. This study analyzes geographic patterns, temporal trends and age patterns of female breast cancer disease burden globally and explored the association between age standardised rates for disability adjusted life years (ASDR) of female breast cancer and sociodemographic index (SDI). The interventional clinical trials of breast cancer are selected in the WHO International Clinical Trial Register database from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2022. The application of PROs is classified into three categories: 1) precisely listed PRO instruments as outcomes, 2) mentioned patient subjective feelings without clarifying specified PRO instruments, and 3) not mentioned any PROs as outcomes. Results: Globally, in 2021 the age standardised rates for point prevalence of female breast cancer per 100000 population was 450.64 (427.02 to 475.96), the age standardised rates for incidence (ASIR) per 100000 population was 46.40 (43.26 to 49.56), and the ASDR per 100000 population was 455.56 (426.64 to 485.30). Compared with 1990, the ASIR of female breast cancer in 2021 had increased while the ASDR had decreased globally. Trials involving PROs only account for 37.87% (3968/10478). The Visual Analog Scale and Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 are the most common instruments in these trials. Conclusions: The disease burden of breast cancer is severe and varied worldwide while the application of PROs in clinical trials remains noteworthy. Increasing population awareness about policy for breast cancer care and the application of specific PRO instruments is warranted to reduce the future burden of disease.

Indexed as

breast cancerclinical trialsglobal burden of diseasepatient-reported outcomesquality of lifesystematic analysis

Identifiers

PMID40575152
PMCPMC12198119

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.