Evidence mapPaperPMID 40575865Full record

ArticleClinical obesity2025

Exploring Metabolic Obesity Phenotypes and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Arab Adults.

Kaiser Wani, Balvir Kumar, Nasser M Al-Daghri, Shaun Sabico

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical obesity, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Kaiser WaniChair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9568-6516
Balvir KumarDepartment of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
Nasser M Al-DaghriChair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5472-1725
Shaun SabicoChair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5248-2350

Funding

King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaOngoing Research Funding Program ORF-2025-21
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigates the 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in different metabolic obesity phenotypes in Saudi adults. A cohort of 5460 adults (aged 40-79) was categorised based on metabolic status, body mass index (BMI), and visceral adiposity index (VAI). Using the ASCVD Risk Estimator Plus, the 10-year risk scores were calculated and explored in different metabolic phenotypes. Females showed higher obesity prevalence, while males had a higher metabolically unhealthy phenotype prevalence. Despite being considered healthy by traditional metrics, individuals with Metabolically Healthy Obesity (MHO) exhibited significantly higher ASCVD risk scores compared to Metabolically Healthy Normal Weight (MHNW) counterparts (2.44 vs. 1.34 in females, p < 0.001; 9.60 vs. 6.72 in males, p = 0.008). When obesity was defined by BMI, in men, MHO showed a substantially higher age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for greater ASCVD risk than MHNW (OR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.3-3.3, p = 0.003). However, when obesity was characterised by VAI rather than BMI, ASCVD risk in metabolically healthy with high VAI (MHHV), equivalent to MHO, was similar to its normal VAI counterpart, independent of gender (OR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.7-1.2, p = 0.55 for females; OR = 1.23, 95% CI 0.9-1.7, p = 0.25 for men). The study provides insights into ASCVD risk in multiple metabolic and obesity phenotypes among Saudi individuals, indicating that VAI outperforms BMI in identifying the metabolically healthy obese phenotype.

Indexed as

AtherosclerosisCardiovascular DiseasesObesityObesity, Metabolically BenignAdultAgedArabsBody Mass IndexFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPhenotypePrevalenceRisk FactorsSaudi ArabiaASCVDatherosclerotic cardiovascular diseasebody mass indexcardiovascular risk assessmentmetabolic syndromevisceral adiposity index

Identifiers

PMID40575865
PMCPMC12603341

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.