ArticleEndocrinology2025
Canine Adrenomedullary and Pheochromocytoma Organoids: A Novel In Vitro Model.
Article in Endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Perspective: from pathogenesis to treatment in veterinary science through organoid disease modelling.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Long-term culture of patient-derived pheochromocytoma organoids.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Canine Adrenomedullary and Pheochromocytoma Organoids: A Novel In Vitro Model.Endocrinology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextGiven the lack of effective medical treatment for pheochromocytomas (PCCs), a reliable in vitro model is needed to explore new therapies. Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) self-renewing structures that exhibit key features of their tissue of origin, providing valuable platforms for disease modeling and drug screening.
objectiveThis study aimed to establish and characterize organoid cultures of canine normal adrenal medullas and PCCs.
methodsNormal adrenal medullas from healthy dogs and tumor tissue from client-owned dogs with PCC were used to develop organoids. Primary cell suspensions were cultured in a 3D matrix, and organoids were established under optimized conditions. Organoids were characterized using histology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, qPCR, and metanephrine analysis by LC-MS/MS.
resultsFive adrenomedullary organoid lines were successfully established, demonstrating sustained growth. Organoid cultures were also derived from 9 PCCs, although expansion was limited after passages 1 to 2. Both adrenomedullary and PCC organoids expressed differentiation markers (chromogranin A, synaptophysin, phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase) and stem/progenitor markers (nestin, SOX10). Organoids retained key functional traits, as indicated by metanephrine levels in culture supernatants, which initially mirrored primary tumor patterns. A decline in both differentiation marker expression and metanephrine levels was observed over time, possibly due to organoid dedifferentiation or selective loss of differentiated chromaffin cells.
conclusionThis study demonstrates the establishment of the first adrenomedullary and PCC organoid lines. While further optimization is needed, these organoids offer valuable potential as an in vitro model to investigate PCC pathophysiology and explore novel treatment strategies for this therapeutically challenging tumor.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.