Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40577584›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical microbiology2025

The ability of ozone to counteract multidrug-resistant bacteria if used as an adjunct therapy: a bioinformatic modelling.

Salvatore Chirumbolo, Giuseppe Masiello, Marianno Franzini, Tommaso Richelmi, Umberto Tirelli, Luigi Valdenassi

Abstract readEditorial
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. SIOOTAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Salvatore ChirumboloDepartment of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Giuseppe MasielloItalian Scientific Society of Oxygen-Ozone Therapy (SIOOT) and High Master School of Oxygen-Ozone Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Marianno FranziniItalian Scientific Society of Oxygen-Ozone Therapy (SIOOT) and High Master School of Oxygen-Ozone Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Tommaso RichelmiItalian Scientific Society of Oxygen-Ozone Therapy (SIOOT) and High Master School of Oxygen-Ozone Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Umberto TirelliTirelli Medical Group, Pordenone, Italy.
Luigi ValdenassiItalian Scientific Society of Oxygen-Ozone Therapy (SIOOT) and High Master School of Oxygen-Ozone Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria pose a growing threat to global health, prompting exploration of alternative therapies. This study uses bioinformatic modelling to assess ozone therapy as an adjunct treatment, analysing both linear and non-linear (chaotic) frameworks. Results suggest that ozone exerts bactericidal effects and modulates immune responses, partly through the production of 4-hydroxynonenal. Simulations indicate that ozone-induced adaptive chaos may enhance immune resilience and accelerate bacterial clearance compared to antibiotics alone. However, the findings are theoretical, and the short half-life of ozone limits direct impact, emphasizing the need for experimental validation. Ozone therapy shows promise, but its role in adaptive chaos requires further study to determine its clinical viability, despite a large number of reports showing an undisputable action of medical ozone against MDR bacteria.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsBacteriaBacterial InfectionsDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialOzoneComputational BiologyHumansAnti-Bacterial AgentsOzoneantibiotic resistancechaosimmunityinfected arthroplastymethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)ozone therapy

Identifiers

PMID40577584
PMCPMC12205150

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.