ReviewACS nano2025
Technology Roadmap of Micro/Nanorobots.
Abstract readReview
In one paragraph
Review in ACS nano, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
50citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed.
- From imaging enhancement to surgical autonomy: the evolutionary role of nanotechnology in AI-driven robotic surgery.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Distal mechanisms in robotic surgical instruments: a structured review of surgical access, miniaturisation constraints and procedure-specific performance trade-offs.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Review
- Micro/Nanorobots (MNRs) at the Intersection of Mechanobiology and Artificial Intelligence: An Emerging Frontier for Precision Nanomedicine.ACS nano medicine · 2026Review
- Micro/Nanoscale Acoustic Manipulation: From Particle Control to Autonomous Microswimmers.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Structural Evolution of Biomedical Microrobots: From Rigid to Soft to Rigid-Soft Integrated Systems.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- From biomimicry to clinical actionability: rethinking high-shear thrombosis as a mechanobiological system.Current opinion in hematology · 2026Review
- "Biodegradable caterpillar inspired soft robotic systems for targeted therapeutic delivery with intelligentRSC advances · 2026Review
- A Programmable DNA Biohybrid Material Coupled with Intelligent Cell-Free Computation for Environmental Sensing.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Magnetic-Driven Wheel-Like Microswarms Based on Mechanical Grinding for Cancer Treatment.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- On the Assembly of Actin Polymerization-Powered Motors.Macromolecular rapid communications · 2026Article
- Magnetic Milligripper Platform for Biomedical and Biological Applications.Micromachines · 2026Article
- Physics-constrained learning framework for trustworthy microrobot navigation autonomy.Science advances · 2026Article
- Revisiting Colloid Theory for Biomedicine: Reconciling Simple Models in Complex Environments.ACS nano medicine · 2026Article
- Toward autonomous robotic-assisted and microrobotic surgery.Science advances · 2026Review
- Soft Colloidal Robots: Magnetically Guided Liquid Crystal Torons for Targeted Micro-Cargo Delivery.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Acceleration of DNA reactions on the algae-based microrobots.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Magnetically guided biohybrid microrobots with multimodal locomotion for barrier penetration and multifunctional tumor treatment.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2026Article
- From science fiction to operating room: Representations of surgery and AI in film and their ethical implications.Turkish journal of surgery · 2026Article
- Non-survival rat endovascular testbed for early-stage evaluation of untethered magnetic microrobots.MethodsX · 2026Article
- Unlocking miniature brilliance: micro/nanorobots for advanced dental theranostics.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
103 authors.
Xiaohui JuCentral European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno 61200, Czech Republic.ORCID 0000-0002-4468-6003
Chuanrui ChenThe Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
Cagatay M OralCentral European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno 61200, Czech Republic.ORCID 0000-0001-5220-2104
Semih SevimMulti-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-1461-1606
Ramin GolestanianMax Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPI-DS), 37077 Göttingen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-3149-4002
Mengmeng SunDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore.
Negin BouzariDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Institute for Polymer Research, Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.ORCID 0009-0005-2985-3968
Xiankun LinSchool of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.ORCID 0000-0001-6936-4812
Mario UrsoDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana", Università degli Studi di Catania, via S. Sofia 64, Catania 95123, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7993-8138
Jong Seok NamDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0001-5230-1751
Yujang ChoDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
Xia PengCentral European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno 61200, Czech Republic.
Fabian C LandersMulti-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-6935-9391
Shihao YangDepartment of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong 999077, China.
Azin AdibiDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada.
Nahid TazAcoustic Robotics Systems Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Rüschlikon, CH 8803, Switzerland.
Raphael WittkowskiDWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Department of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-4881-9173
Daniel AhmedAcoustic Robotics Systems Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Rüschlikon, CH 8803, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-0224-5293
Wei WangSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
Veronika MagdanzSystems Design and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-7522-033X
Mariana Medina-SánchezCIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Tolosa Hiribidea 76, E-20018 Donostia - San Sebastian, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-6149-3732
Maria GuixDepartment of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Naimat BariMechanical Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-2882-5296
Bahareh BehkamMechanical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Biological Systems Engineering Department, Institute For Critical Technology and Applied Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-2174-2914
Raymond KapralChemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-4652-645X
Yaxin HuangDepartment of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2626-9318
Jinyao TangDepartment of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.ORCID 0000-0002-0051-148X
Ben WangCollege of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7037-3660
Konstantin MorozovDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.ORCID 0000-0001-7648-4118
Alexander LeshanskyDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.ORCID 0000-0001-9272-8987
Sarmad Ahmad AbbasiDepartment of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea.ORCID 0000-0003-4341-8311
Hongsoo ChoiDepartment of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea.ORCID 0000-0003-3613-2833
Subhadip GhoshInstitute for Bioengineering of Catalunya (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-6880-7052
Bárbara Borges FernandesInstitute for Bioengineering of Catalunya (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-3507-8855
Giuseppe BattagliaInstitute for Bioengineering of Catalunya (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-3349-6770
Peer FischerMax Planck Institute for Medical Research, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
Ambarish GhoshDepartment of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.ORCID 0000-0002-2524-0014
Beatriz Jurado SánchezDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Alcala, Alcala de Henares E-28802 Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-6584-1949
Alberto EscarpaDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Alcala, Alcala de Henares E-28802 Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-7302-0948
Quentin MartinetInstitute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria.
Jérémie PalacciInstitute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-7253-9465
Eric LaugaDepartment of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom.
Jeffrey MoranDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-0464-0385
Miguel A Ramos-DocampoInterdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-2714-0164
Brigitte StädlerInterdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-7335-3945
Ramón Santiago Herrera RestrepoDepartment of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-0154-1648
Gilad YossifonSchool of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Tel-Aviv, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.ORCID 0000-0001-7999-2919
James D NicholasDepartament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-8906-6337
Jordi Ignés-MullolDepartament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-7963-3799
Josep Puigmartí-LuisDepartament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
Yutong LiuDepartment of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 United States.
Lauren D ZarzarDepartment of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 United States.ORCID 0000-0002-3287-3602
C Wyatt ShieldsDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-4138-8462
Longqiu LiKey Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education), Harbin 15001, China.
Shanshan LiSauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Integrated Circuits, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
Xing MaSauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Integrated Circuits, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2248-4806
David H GraciasDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-2735-4725
Orlin VelevDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-0473-8056
Samuel SánchezInstitute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-9713-9997
Maria Jose EsplandiuCatalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
Juliane SimmchenPure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1BX, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-9073-9770
Antonio LoboscoSurgical Robotics Laboratory, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands.ORCID 0009-0008-6156-3436
Sarthak MisraSurgical Robotics Laboratory, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-4961-0144
Zhiguang WuSchool of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.ORCID 0000-0002-0570-0757
Jinxing LiDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 775 Woodlot Dr., East Lansing Michigan, 48824, United States.
Alexander KuhnUniversity Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM UMR 5255, 33607 Pessac, France.ORCID 0000-0002-1962-4863
Amir NourhaniDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Biology, Biomimicry Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-7951-9483
Tijana MaricThe Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsted Plads, Kgs, Lyngby 2800, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-6847-251X
Ze XiongWireless and Smart Bioelectronics Lab, School of Biomedical Engineering, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.ORCID 0000-0003-4620-6066
Amirreza AghakhaniInstitute for Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-4301-4053
Yongfeng MeiDepartment of Materials Science and International Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.ORCID 0000-0002-3314-6108
Yingfeng TuNMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2605-0172
Fei PengSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.ORCID 0000-0001-8817-3472
Eric DillerDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada.
Mahmut Selman SakarInstitute of Mechanical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-7226-3382
Ayusman SenDepartments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-0556-9509
Junhui LawRobotics Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-6033-7639
Yu SunDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-7895-0741
Abdon Pena-FranceschDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-7779-1651
Katherine VillaInstitute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans, 16, Tarragona E-43007 Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1917-0299
Huaizhi LiMaterials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin Texas 78712, United States.
Donglei Emma FanMaterials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin Texas 78712, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-4724-2483
Kang LiangSchool of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-3985-7688
Tony Jun HuangDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-1205-3313
Xiang-Zhong ChenInternational Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2294-7487
Songsong TangAndrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-4699-6563
Xueji ZhangGuangdong Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China.ORCID 0000-0002-0035-3821
Jizhai CuiDepartment of Materials Science and International Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
Hong WangSchool of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China.ORCID 0000-0003-0816-7502
Wei GaoAndrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-8503-4562
Vineeth Kumar BandariResearch Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany.
Oliver G SchmidtResearch Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-9503-8367
Xianghua WuState Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.ORCID 0009-0006-9308-1883
Jianguo GuanState Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2223-4524
Metin SittiSchool of Medicine and College of Engineering, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey.ORCID 0000-0001-8249-3854
Bradley J NelsonMulti-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-9070-6987
Salvador PanéMulti-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-0147-8287
Li ZhangDepartment of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
Hamed ShahsavanDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Institute for Polymer Research, Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-1498-5114
Qiang HeSchool of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.ORCID 0000-0002-3557-6865
Il-Doo KimDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-9970-2218
Joseph WangThe Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-4921-9674
Martin PumeraCentral European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno 61200, Czech Republic.ORCID 0000-0001-5846-2951
Funding
Tissue biopsying with wireless microgrippers within gastrointestinal tractR01EB017742 · NIBIB · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI David H Gracias, Florin Selaru · 2014 to 2026
$6.6MMagnetic Microrobots Assist AAV4 for CFTR Gene Delivery Through Mucus BarrierR21EB037346 · NIBIB · MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY · PI JINXING Li · 2025 to 2026
$447kNIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB017742NIBIB NIH HHS R21 EB037346
Abstract
Inspired by Richard Feynman's 1959 lecture and the 1966 film
Indexed as
NanotechnologyRoboticsHumanscollective behaviorfunctionalityintelligencemicro/nanorobotsnanotechnologypropulsionsmart materialstechnological translation
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.