ReviewFrontiers in microbiology2025
Viral infection and thyroid disorders: a narrative review.
Review in Frontiers in microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Disease burden of viral respiratory infections in people with intellectual disabilities: a scoping review.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Article
- Hepatitis C Virus Infection Induces Autoimmune Hypothyroidism with Potential Profound Metabolic Implications: A Cross-Sectional Study in a High-Prevalence Region.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Graves' disease following immunosuppression withdrawal and SARS-CoV-2 infection in a failed kidney allograft recipient: a case report on immune reconstitution.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis both promotes and protects against papillary thyroid cancer.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Epstein-Barr virus in thyroid disease: an integrated immunovirological perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Human papillomavirus infection and vaccination with thyroid diseases: mechanistic links and immunological insights.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Thyroid disorders, including thyroid dysfunction, autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), and thyroid cancers (TCs), are receiving increasing attention as significant public health concerns. Viral infection can interfere with normal immune function by activating innate and adaptive immunity, causing endocrine disorders. As an important endocrine gland, thyroid function is easily affected by viral infection, inducing the formation of autoantigens by mimicking thyroid components, thereby promoting the development of AITDs. Viruses like herpes simplex virus (HSV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human parvovirus B19 (B19V) are potential candidates associated with AITDs. These viral infections also play a key role in tumor pathogenesis, where chronic infection or reactivation of viruses can change the immune microenvironment in the body and promote the occurrence and development of cancer. Numerous studies have confirmed the associations between various viruses, such as B19V, EBV, HSV, and HCV, with TCs. This review examines the impacts of viral infections on thyroid function and the underlying mechanisms involved, and also analyzes the common characteristics and mechanisms of viral infection-induced TCs. By analyzing the existing research hypotheses, we summarized the possible mechanisms of viral infection-induced thyroid disorders and also identified the potential role of viral infection in the process of anaplastic transformation of TC. This information provides insights into the model of multistage carcinogenesis of TCs, especially the mechanism of the transition from differentiated to undifferentiated or anaplastic TCs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.