ArticleFrontiers in public health2025
Burden, trends, and predictions of five major musculoskeletal disorders in China, Japan, and South Korea: analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Sinomenine ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis in rodent models: a systematic review and meta-analysis of anti-inflammatory and joint-protective effects.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Frailty Transition and Risk of New-Onset Arthritis Among Adults Aged 45 Years and Older: A Longitudinal Analysis of CHARLS.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders impose a heavy burden on society and the healthcare system. This study aims to describe the temporal trends of the burden of the top five musculoskeletal disorders in China, Japan and South Korea, assess their age, period and cohort effects, and predict the disease burden over the next 15 years. Methods: The study utilized the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 data. Key result metrics include the incidence, prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of gout, osteoarthritis, low back pain, neck pain and rheumatoid arthritis. Applying Joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort (APC) models to analyze temporal trends of five major musculoskeletal diseases from 1990 to 2021, considering age, period, and cohort effects. Future burden from 2022 to 2036 was forecasted using the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. Results: From 1990 to 2021, the incidence of gout and osteoarthritis in China increased by 160.5 and 150.4%, respectively, with Japan's gout incidence up by 65.3% and South Korea's gout and rheumatoid arthritis rates rising by 165.0 and 164.6%. The burden of these diseases, except for gout, was higher in female. The risk of musculoskeletal diseases increases with age and recent birth cohorts. The impact of high body mass index (BMI) on gout, low back pain, and osteoarthritis is escalating. By 2036, the disease burden is expected to remain heavy, with varying degrees of increase. Conclusion: The burden of the five musculoskeletal diseases in China, Japan, and South Korea is significant. There is a particular need to pay close attention to the increasingly severe impact of older adult female populations and high BMI on gout, low back pain, and osteoarthritis. It is recommended that governments increase investment and implement prevention strategies, including weight management and health education.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.