Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40585497›Full record

ArticleFood science & nutrition2025

A Study on the Clustering of Daily Fruit and Vegetable Consumption by Educational Level in European Region Countries.

Mustafa Enes Işıkgöz, Mahir Arslan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Food science & nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Mustafa Enes IşıkgözRectorate Department Sakarya University Serdivan Sakarya Province Turkey.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7804-1011
Mahir ArslanDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences Sivas Cumhuriyet University Sivas Turkey.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3441-0967

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The study analyzed 2022 Eurostat data on the daily consumption of fruit and vegetables (FV) in 31 European countries, categorized by educational level (ISCED 2011: 0-2, 3-4, 5-8). Consumption was categorized into "0 portions," "1-4 portions," and "5+ portions" for adults aged 15+. K-means clustering (an unsupervised machine learning algorithm used to categorize the data into clusters), discriminant analysis (IBM SPSS Statistics 27, JASP 16.4), and one-way ANOVA were applied to classify four different country groups. The robustness of these clusters was assessed using Box's

Indexed as

cluster analysisdaily consumptiondietary habitseducational levelEuropean region countriesfruits and vegetables

Identifiers

PMID40585497
PMCPMC12203402

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.