ArticleFrontiers in aging neuroscience2025
The burden of Parkinson's disease, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study 2021.
Article in Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Deep Brain Stimulation as a Rehabilitation Amplifier: A Precision-Oriented, Network-Guided Framework for Functional Restoration in Movement Disorders.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Benefits of virtual reality rehabilitation on neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Electroacupuncture exerts neuroprotective effects and alters gut microbiota in a MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
Background: The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains incompletely understood, has drawn significant attention within the scope of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Therefore, to explore PD's global burden and devise countermeasures is indispensable. Methods: Data from GBD 2021 to analyze age standardized incidence rate (ASIR), prevalence rate (ASPR), mortality rate (ASMR), and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) rate (ASDR) burden of PD globally. Moreover, the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was utilized to gauge PD burden trends from 1990 to 2021. Subsequently, PD burden by sex and 21 GBD regions was further evaluated in 2021. Moreover, the influence of age, sex, and socio-demographic index (SDI) on burden of PD from 1990 to 2021 was examined. Finally, the projection of burden of PD from 2022 to 2026 was also conducted. Results: From 1990 to 2021, ASIR, ASPR, and ASDR were shown to be on an upward trend for both males and females. However, ASMR was higher in males than in females. In addition, ASIR, ASPR, and ASDR in the East Asian region were found to be the highest, and they were higher among males than among females. Notably, with the elapse of years, PD's total incidence cases, prevalence cases, mortality cases, and DALYs cases were all presented with an upward trend. Moreover, in 1990 and 2021, ASDR in 75-79 age group was the highest. Finally, from 2022 to 2026, PD's ASIR and ASPR were predicted to exhibit an upward tendency, while ASMR and ASDR were expected to show a downward trend. Conclusion: The research showed a growing global ASIR and ASPR of PD over time, urging more effective health policies to ease its burden.
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