Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40590233›Full record

SynthesisJournal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)2026

Deaths related to the use of diarylethylamines, with a focus on the United Kingdom: A systematic review and case series report.

John Martin Corkery, Caroline Copeland, Fabrizio Schifano

Abstract readSystematic ReviewCase Reports
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

John Martin CorkeryHertfordshire Medical School, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-3849-817X
Caroline CopelandKing's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4462-1402
Fabrizio SchifanoHertfordshire Medical School, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDiarylethylamine drugs possess dissociative properties. These emerged as drugs of misuse, with reports of strong addictive potential, high tolerance and compulsive intake.

aimsSince one of these drugs, diphenidine, was added to the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances, the United Kingdom (UK) had to consider its control. The Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs 2023 advice included toxicity and mortality involving this and related molecules. Relevant mortality data were collated to understand the international and UK situations.

methodsA systematic review was employed: PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar searches were conducted on 29/30 August 2022 using the terms 'overdose', 'death', 'fatal*', 'toxic*', 'poison*' with molecules' chemical names. UK Mortality Registers (MRs) provided statistical data. The Scottish MR and National Programme on Substance Use Mortality provided case-level information.

resultsEleven studies were identified. Most decedents were male. The mean death age was 35.3 (range: 17-55) years. Death was commonly from polysubstance poisoning. Globally, 48 deaths involved these drugs (Europe

conclusionsMost deaths were accidental - thus preventable. One-third of deaths involved MXP/diphenidine alone - suggesting they are relatively toxic. Diarylethylamines deaths are rare. These molecules remain available - deaths could occur.

Indexed as

Drug OverdosePiperidinesSubstance-Related DisordersHumansUnited KingdomdiphenidinePiperidinesdeathsDiarylethylaminesdiphenidineephenidinemethoxyphenidineUnited Kingdom (UK)

Identifiers

PMID40590233
PMCPMC13222385

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.