Trial reportWomen's health (London, England)
Pelvic floor examination in vulvodynia: VAMP protocol validation in correlation with central sensitization.
Trial report in Women's health (London, England). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05955313 (Effectiveness of Low-doses of Naltrexone), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effectiveness of Low-doses of Naltrexone (LDN) on Pain Perception and Quality of Life in Women With Vulvodynia
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Integrating the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) into Neuropelveological Practice: A Systematic Review of Endometriosis and Overlapping Pelvic Pain Syndromes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Impact of Vulvodynia on the Quality of Life of Women: A Rapid Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOveractive pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) are a source of pain in patients with vulvodynia. Peripheral sensitization may also lead to central sensitization (CS).
objectivesThis study aimed to validate the Vulva, Anus, Muscle, and Paraurethra (VAMP) protocol as a diagnostic tool for assessing PFM overactivity in vulvodynia in correlation with the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI).
designThis research was the secondary outcome of an ongoing randomized clinical trial reported in accordance with the CONSORT guidelines. Inclusion criteria and research goals were established using the Population Intervention Comparison Outcome model for clinical questions.
methodsThe VAMP protocol includes the examination of the vulva (V), anus (A) using a cotton swab test and pelvic muscle (M) and paraurethra (P) examinations during the internal exam with pain evaluation. VAMP was validated by comparison with a swab test and correlation with the CSI score.
resultsOf the 152 premenopausal participants, 91.6% suffered from provoked/mixed vulvodynia versus 8.4% spontaneous, and 61.3% had localized versus 38.7% generalized subtypes. Mean VAMP scores were: V = 6.49; A = 0.2; M = 6.57; P = 3.63. The VAMP protocol showed a high degree of internal consistency and test-retest reliability for the V, M, P domains (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0.916-0.646;
conclusionsThe VAMP confirmed the presence of a painful vestibule, PFM, and paraurethra under pressure. The VAMP protocol was successfully cross-validated and effective in discriminating women with PFM overactivity, confirmed in almost all patients with vulvodynia. Half of the participants met the criteria for CS. The correlation between CSI and PFM pain on pressure suggests a central pain mechanism. The VAMP is a simple, rapid quantitative diagnostic tool. REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT05955313 Registered on June 6, 2023.
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