Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40595015›Full record

ArticleNature aging2025

DunedinPACNI estimates the longitudinal Pace of Aging from a single brain image to track health and disease.

Ethan T Whitman, Maxwell L Elliott, Annchen R Knodt, Wickliffe C Abraham, Tim J Anderson, Nicholas J Cutfield, Sean Hogan, David Ireland, Tracy R Melzer, Sandhya Ramrakha and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature aging, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Ethan T Whitman *Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. ethan.whitman@duke.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3208-171X
Maxwell L Elliott *Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1083-6277
Annchen R KnodtDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6501-8947
Wickliffe C AbrahamDepartment of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Tim J AndersonDepartment of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1116-3839
Nicholas J CutfieldDepartment of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Sean HoganDunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
David IrelandDunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Tracy R MelzerDepartment of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-212X
Sandhya RamrakhaDunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Karen SugdenDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Reremoana TheodoreDunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Benjamin S WilliamsDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Avshalom CaspiDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0082-4600
Terrie E MoffittDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. terrie.moffitt@duke.edu.
Ahmad R HaririDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3052-9880

Funding

Project 1U19AG024904 · NIA · NORTHERN CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE/RES/EDU · PI Duygu Tosun-Turgut · 2016 to 2026
$226.7M
Quantifying Individual Differences in Midlife Structural Brain Integrity Associated with Later AD/ADRD RiskR01AG049789 · NIA · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI AHMAD R. HARIRI, TERRIE E MOFFITT · 2015 to 2026
$10.6M
Is mental disorder a preventable cause of age-related disease? The Dunedin Study.R01AG032282 · NIA · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI CASPI, AVSHALOM, MOFFITT, TERRIE E · 2009 to 2025
$9.5M
Science CoreP2CHD065563 · NICHD · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI Giovanna M Merli · 2015 to 2026
$5.7M
Validating a 3rd-generation methylation measure of accelerated aging: DunedinPoAm4xR01AG073207 · NIA · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI CASPI, AVSHALOM, MOFFITT, TERRIE E · 2022 to 2025
$2.9M
Training in lifespan behavioral, social, and neuroscience research connecting early-life cognitive decline to late-life ADRDK00AG068432 · NIA · HARVARD UNIVERSITY · PI ELLIOTT, MAXWELL LORENZ · 2022 to 2025
$319k
Training in lifespan behavioral, social, and neuroscience research connecting early-life cognitive decline to late-life ADRDF99AG068432 · NIA · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI ELLIOTT, MAXWELL LORENZ · 2020 to 2021
$72k
NIA NIH HHS F99 AG068432NIA NIH HHS K00 AG068432NIA NIH HHS R01 AG032282NIA NIH HHS R01 AG049789NIA NIH HHS R01 AG073207NIA NIH HHS U19 AG024904NICHD NIH HHS P2C HD065563RCUK | Medical Research Council (MRC) MR/X021149/1U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (U.S. National Institute on Aging) R01AG032282U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (U.S. National Institute on Aging) R01AG049789U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (U.S. National Institute on Aging) R01AG073207
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To understand how aging affects functional decline and increases disease risk, it is necessary to develop measures of how fast a person is aging. Using data from the Dunedin Study, we introduce an accurate and reliable measure for the rate of longitudinal aging derived from cross-sectional brain magnetic resonance imaging, that is, the Dunedin Pace of Aging Calculated from NeuroImaging (DunedinPACNI). Exporting this measure to the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, UK Biobank and BrainLat datasets revealed that faster DunedinPACNI predicted cognitive impairment, accelerated brain atrophy and conversion to diagnosed dementia. Faster DunedinPACNI also predicted physical frailty, poor health, future chronic diseases and mortality in older adults. When compared to brain age gap, DunedinPACNI was similarly or more strongly related to clinical outcomes. DunedinPACNI is a next-generation brain magnetic resonance imaging biomarker that can help researchers explore aging effects on health outcomes and evaluate the effectiveness of antiaging strategies.

Indexed as

AgingBrainMagnetic Resonance ImagingNeuroimagingAgedAged, 80 and overAlzheimer DiseaseAtrophyCognitive DysfunctionCross-Sectional StudiesDementiaFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle Aged

Identifiers

PMID40595015
PMCPMC12350157

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.