Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40596111›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Temporal changes in per and polyfluoroalkyl substances and their associations with type 2 diabetes.

Vivian Berg, Dolley D Charles, Sandra Huber, Therese H Nøst, Torkjel M Sandanger, Maria Averina, Ingvar A Bergdahl, Mia M Nilsen, Tom Wilsgaard, Charlotta Rylander

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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Vivian BergDepartment of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Stakkevollan, P.O Box 6050, 9037, Tromsø, Norway. Vivian.berg@uit.no.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5620-9901
Dolley D CharlesDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Sandra HuberDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of North-Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Therese H NøstDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Torkjel M SandangerDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Maria AverinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of North-Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Ingvar A BergdahlDepartment of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Mia M NilsenDepartment of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Stakkevollan, P.O Box 6050, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
Tom WilsgaardDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Charlotta RylanderDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We assessed temporal changes of PFAS and associations with T2DM over a period of 30 years in a nested case-control study with repeated measurements. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between 11 PFAS and T2DM at five time-points in 116 cases and 139 controls (3 pre- and 2 post-diagnostic time-points in cases). Mixed linear models were applied to assess if changes in PFAS were related to T2DM status. In the pre-diagnostic time-point T3 (2001), future cases had higher concentrations of PFHpA, PFNA, PFHxS and PFHpS compared to controls. In the post-diagnostic time point T5 (2015/16), PFNA and PFOS were higher in prevalent cases. PFHxS and PFHpS were positively associated with future T2DM at the pre-diagnostic time-point T3, whereas PFTrDA were inversely associated with future T2DM at T1 (1986/87) and prevalent T2DM at T4 (2007/8). Temporal changes in PFAS across the study period showed that cases experienced a greater increase in pre-diagnostic concentrations of PFHpA, PFTrDA, PFHxS and PFOSA, as well as a larger post-diagnostic decrease in PFOSA, compared to controls. This study is the first to show that temporal changes in PFAS are associated with T2DM status for certain PFAS, and associations between PFAS and T2DM vary according to sample year.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Environmental PollutantsFluorocarbonsAdultAgedCase-Control StudiesEnvironmental ExposureFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedEnvironmental PollutantsFluorocarbonsPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substancesPre- and post-diagnostic associationsProspective case–control studyRepeated measurementsTemporal changeType 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID40596111
PMCPMC12219690

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.