ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2025
Novel adjuvant delivery system constructed by alum-emulsion hybrid nanoparticles with TLR9 agonists boosts vaccine immunity.
Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Lyophilizable Thermostable Nano-Aluminum Adjuvant and Combinations Induced Robust Antigen-Specific Humoral and Cellular Immunity in Mice.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Folic acid-modified antigen-trapping nanoprobes for developing in situ tumor vaccines to inhibit metastasis and recurrence of ovarian cancer.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Review
- Nano-adjuvants enhance the immunogenicity and safety of infectious bursal disease virus vaccines: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
22 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Vaccine Adjuvant Delivery Systems (VADSs) that integrate both delivery and adjuvancy constitute a vital strategy in modern vaccine research. Herein, we employed microfluidics to blend nanosized aluminum hydroxide (XA) and a nanoemulsion (XE) in varying proportions. A 2:3 (v/v) mixture produced nanoparticles (XAE) of approximately 220 nm with near-neutral zeta potential, which significantly enhanced antigen uptake in DC2.4 cells and displayed stronger adjuvant activity than XA or XE alone. By electrostatically adsorbing the TLR9 agonist CpG onto XAE, we constructed XAEC as an integrated delivery platform that co-delivers antigens and immune-stimulatory molecules, thereby improving CpG's bioavailability and biocompatibility. This XAEC platform generated an "immune-activated microenvironment" at the injection site, fostering antigen-presenting cell (APC) recruitment, augmenting antigen presentation, facilitating vaccine trafficking to immune organs, and eliciting a Th1-biased immune response. XAEC substantially boosted immunogenicity in prophylactic Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) vaccines and induced potent antitumor responses in a Human Papillomavirus (HPV) tumor model. Hence, XAEC emerges as a promising next-generation vaccine adjuvant system.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.