ArticleBiology of sex differences2025
Sex differences in endocrine, metabolic and psychological disturbance in obese patients with OSA.
Article in Biology of sex differences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Women.Pulmonary therapy · 2026Review
- Mapping the landscape of OSA research: a scientometric comparison between otolaryngology and stomatology contributions.Oral and maxillofacial surgery · 2026Article
- Obstructive sleep apnea as a modifier of endocrine toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Association between age-adjusted visceral adiposity index and obstructive sleep apnea: a study based on NHANES 2015-2018.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Associations of the triglyceride-glucose index and its combined indices with non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents with depressive disorders: the mediating role of sleep quality.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased risks of glucolipid metabolic disruption, endocrine disturbances and psychological distress. There is scarce research regarding the influence of sex on these associations. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of sex on metabolic, endocrine and psychological changes in patients with OSA.
methodsOne hundred sixty-four young adult women and one hundred sixty-two age-matched men with OSA completed polysomnography assessments, questionnaires (including the Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS], Self-Reported Anxiety Scale [SAS], Self-Rating Depression Scale [SDS], and 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey [SF-12]) and biochemical analyses for glucolipid metabolism and endocrine function, including the pituitary-adrenal (PA), pituitary thyroid (PT), and pituitary-gonadal (PG) axes.
resultsHomeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), thyroid hormone and midnight PA axis activity levels were greater in female patients with severe OSA compared to those with mild-to-moderate OSA, and these metabolic and endocrine changes were associated with nocturnal hypoxia only in female patients. Additionally, midnight cortisol was associated with HOMA-IR (independent of anthropometry and sleep disturbance parameters) in females (β = 0.545, P = 0.012, adjusted R
conclusionsThe metabolic, endocrine and psychological consequences of OSA may differ across sexes. The associations of nocturnal hypoxia with glucose metabolic disturbance and the activation of the PA and PT axes were observed in females, whereas the association of nocturnal hypoxia with ESS was limited to males. This could indicate a distinct metabolic, endocrine and psychological phenotype for female patients with OSA, who may require different disease management strategies compared to males.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.