Evidence mapPaperPMID 40599138Full record

ReviewJournal of medicine and life2025

Air pollution and cardiovascular diseases: mechanisms, evidence, and mitigation strategies.

Hari Krismanuel

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of medicine and life, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Hari KrismanuelFaculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

One of the most urgent environmental health issues is air pollution, which has a major effect on cardiovascular health. Among other pollutants, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been connected to a number of cardiovascular illnesses (CVDs), including myocardial infarction, stroke, and hypertension. The purpose of this review was to summarize current research on the processes by which air pollution raises the risk of CVD and to investigate mitigation and preventative measures. A review of peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025 was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The review focused on studies examining the relationship between PM2.5 and cardiovascular diseases, incorporating epidemiological, experimental, and clinical perspectives. PM2.5 and other pollutants exacerbate CVD risk through mechanisms such as autonomic instability, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Risks are disproportionately high for vulnerable groups, such as the elderly and those with underlying cardiovascular diseases. Targeted public health policies, stricter air quality regulations, and increased public awareness are essential to mitigate the cardiovascular risks posed by air pollution. Immediate action is imperative to safeguard global health.

Indexed as

Air PollutionCardiovascular DiseasesEnvironmental ExposureAir PollutantsHumansParticulate MatterRisk FactorsAir PollutantsParticulate Matterair pollutioncardiovascular diseasesendothelial dysfunctionPM2.5public health interventions

Identifiers

PMID40599138
PMCPMC12207690

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.