Economic Burden of Obesity in Iran University of Medical Sciences: A Cost Analysis Using the Cost of Illness Framework.

Background and Aims: Obesity is a multifaceted health issue that significantly elevates the risk of various chronic diseases and can lead to a reduction in life expectancy by 5-20 years. This study aimed to estimate both the direct and indirect costs associated with obesity among the population served by Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2023. Methods: This study employed a cost of illness (COI) framework, utilizing a prevalence-based approach from a societal perspective, specifically targeting the obese demographic. Subsequently, using prevalence and cost data, we calculated the expenses related to each obesity-associated disease, categorizing them into direct medical, direct nonmedical, and indirect costs. The costs for each disease were then adjusted based on the attributable fraction of the obese population, and the total costs associated with obesity-related diseases were aggregated. Results: The economic burden of obesity-attributable to six specific diseases within the population covered by Iran University of Medical Sciences was estimated at approximately $PPP 2452 million, representing 31% of the total economic burden of these six chronic diseases, which amounts to $PPP 7804 million. Of the total economic burden due to obesity, direct medical costs accounted for $PPP 1362 million (56%), direct nonmedical costs were $PPP 76 million (3%), and indirect costs reached $PPP 1014 million (41%). Conclusion: The financial implications of obesity, particularly in relation to certain diseases, are substantial. There is an urgent need for cost-effective preventive measures aimed at controlling and reducing the prevalence of overweight and obesity, thereby mitigating their adverse health impacts and economic consequences.