Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40600449›Full record

Observational studyDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2025

Long-term preservation of kidney function with SGLT-2 inhibitors versus comparator drugs in people with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease.

Gian Paolo Fadini, Enrico Longato, Mario Luca Morieri, Fabio Broglio, Gianluca Aimaretti, Giuseppina T Russo, Roberto Anichini, Mariangela Ghiani, Angelo Avogaro, Anna Solini and 1 more

Abstract readComparative StudyMulticenter StudyObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Gian Paolo FadiniDepartment of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6510-2097
Enrico LongatoDepartment of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Mario Luca MorieriDepartment of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Fabio BroglioDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Gianluca AimarettiEndocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
Giuseppina T RussoDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Roberto AnichiniDiabetic Unit and Diabetic Foot Unit, San Jacopo Hospital Pistoia, Pistoia, Italy.
Mariangela GhianiDiabetology Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Locale 8 Cagliari Quartu S. Elena, Cagliari, Italy.
Angelo AvogaroDepartment of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1177-0516
Anna SoliniDepartment of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7855-8253
DARWIN‐Renal Study Investigators

Funding

AstraZenecaItalian Diabetes Society
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent and serious complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aims to evaluate kidney outcomes in a real-world cohort of patients with T2D and CKD who received SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) or other glucose-lowering medications (GLM). MATERIALS AND

methodsThis retrospective, multicentre study analysed data from patients aged 18-80 years with T2D and CKD, who initiated an SGLT2i or other GLM between 2015 and 2020. The primary outcome was the change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) over time. Secondary outcomes included albuminuria changes and adverse kidney events. Propensity score matching was used to balance baseline characteristics between the two groups.

resultsAfter matching (n = 2020/group), patients (100% T2D with CKD) had a mean age of 63 years, BMI 32 kg/m

conclusionsIn this large, real-world cohort, initiation of SGLT2i was associated with a significantly slower decline in kidney function and improved albuminuria compared with other diabetes drugs, including GLP-1RA. These findings support SGLT2i as the most effective T2D treatment to slow CKD progression.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic NephropathiesHypoglycemic AgentsKidneyRenal Insufficiency, ChronicSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAlbuminuriaFemaleGlomerular Filtration RateHumansMaleMiddle AgedHypoglycemic AgentsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitorsgliflozinobservationaloutcomesrenalretrospective

Identifiers

PMID40600449
PMCPMC12326893

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.