Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40601048›Full record

ArticleInternational microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology2025

Ilimaquinone as a novel marine sponge-derived antibacterial agent: mechanistic insights into its antibiofilm and quorum sensing inhibitory properties targeting bacterial virulence.

Malvi Surti, Mitesh Patel, Reem Binsuwaidan, Mohd Adnan, Nawaf Alshammari, Syeda Bushra Fatima, Mandadi Narsimha Reddy

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Malvi SurtiResearch and Development Cell (RDC), Parul University, Waghodia, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India.
Mitesh PatelResearch and Development Cell (RDC), Parul University, Waghodia, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India. patelmeet15@gmail.com.
Reem BinsuwaidanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
Mohd AdnanDepartment of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia.
Nawaf AlshammariDepartment of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia.
Syeda Bushra FatimaDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia.
Mandadi Narsimha ReddyDepartment of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, 395007, India. nrutya_reddy@yahoo.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study evaluates the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-quorum-sensing (QS) properties of ilimaquinone (IQ) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. The agar cup diffusion method revealed significant bacterial inhibition, with minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations ranging from 6.25 to 25 μM and 12.5 to 50 μM, respectively. IQ exhibited dose-dependent biofilm inhibition, demonstrating its potential as an anti-biofilm agent. QS inhibition was assessed by pigment suppression in Chromobacterium violaceum (violacein), Serratia marcescens (prodigiosin), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (pyocyanin, pyoverdine), reducing their production by 73.33%, 53.68%, 57.13%, and 62.42%, respectively, at sub-MIC concentrations. IQ also inhibited QS-regulated virulence factors in P. aeruginosa, including LasA protease, elastase, rhamnolipid, and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production, disrupting biofilm formation. Molecular docking and dynamics analysis confirmed strong binding affinities of IQ to key QS and biofilm-associated proteins (EsaI, PilY1, LasA, PilT, LasR, RhlR, LasI, PqsR, CviR, and CviR'), highlighting its mechanistic role in QS inhibition. These findings suggest that IQ is a promising antibacterial and anti-QS compound with potential therapeutic applications for managing bacterial infections and biofilm-related complications.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsBiofilmsPoriferaQuinonesQuorum SensingAnimalsBacterial ProteinsChromobacteriumGram-Positive BacteriaMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMolecular Docking SimulationPseudomonas aeruginosaSerratia marcescensVirulenceVirulence FactorsAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial ProteinsQuinonesVirulence FactorsAntibiofilmAnti-QSBacterial virulenceBiofilm-associated proteinsIlimaquinoneMarine sponge metabolite

Identifiers

PMID40601048

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.