ArticleBMC public health2025
Determinants of COVID-19-related hospital and ICU admissions in the region Haaglanden, The Netherlands: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has been a global health crisis since late 2019. By the end of 2021, the Netherlands reported over 3 million cases, leading to significant hospital and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admissions. This study investigated the impact of demographic, socio-economic, health, including vaccination coverage, and neighborhood characteristics on COVID-19-related hospital and ICU admissions, with a focus on neighborhood differences in the region Haaglanden, the Netherlands.
methodsThis cross-sectional study included residents aged 25-79 years from the region Haaglanden. Data were stratified across three COVID-19 waves. Individual-level registry data from 2020 to 2021 were used, covering demographics, socio-economic factors, health information and neighborhood characteristics, linked to COVID-19-related hospital and ICU admissions. Multivariable logistic models were conducted per wave to estimate the odds of both COVID-19-related hospital and ICU admissions.
resultsMore than 700.000 inhabitants from the region Haaglanden were included per wave. COVID-19-related hospital admissions were 0.08% (n = 571) in the first wave, 0.40% (n = 2.865) in the second, and 0.17% (n = 858) in the third wave. ICU admissions were 0.02% (n = 159) in the first wave, 0.07% (n = 530) in the second, and 0.03% (n = 192) in the third wave. Hospital and ICU admission odds were higher among older individuals, males, lower-educated individuals, those of Moroccan origin, residents with lower income and wealth, poor physical health and those living in low socio-economic neighborhoods. In the third wave, neighborhoods with vaccination coverage below 60% had the highest rates of hospital and ICU admissions.
conclusionThis study highlighted that individual and neighborhood factors were associated with a higher risk of COVID-19-related hospital and ICU admissions, with the individual risk factors often concentrated in neighborhoods with low socio-economic status scores. Public health strategies should focus on high-risk individuals and incorporate tailored interventions, while early identification of disadvantaged areas is key for effective resource allocation and reducing disparities during future outbreaks.
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