Evidence map›SGLT2 inhibitors × glycemic control›PMID 40604628›Full record

SynthesisBMC endocrine disorders2025

Effects of canagliflozin on cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Hossein Aftabi, Reyhaneh Aftabi

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC endocrine disorders, 2025. The graph read 6 numbers from its abstract, feeding 3 cells of the map: it finds no clear difference in 3. Not yet cited in PubMed.

6numbers the graph read from it
3cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
-0.110.100 · no effect
Body Mass Index (BMI)canagliflozin at 300 mg vs placebono clear difference · hypertension, ascvdfeeds one cell of the map
Δ 0.02-0.05 to 0.100.55
RESULTS: The effects of canagliflozin at 100 and 300 doses slightly reduced Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and Body Mass Index (BMI) without significant differences with placebo [HbA1c at 100 mg, effect size: -0.005, Confidence Interval of 95% = -0.04 to 0.03, (P = 0.79), at 300 mg, effect size: -0.03 (-0.11 to 0.05), (P = 0.43), BMI at 100 mg, effect size: -0.01 (-0.04 to 0.02), (P = 0.57) and at 300 mg, effect size was 0.02 (-0.05 to 0.10), (P = 0.55)].
FeedsSGLT2 inhibitors×body weight & composition
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)canagliflozin at 300 mg vs placebono clear difference · hypertension, ascvdfeeds one cell of the map
Δ -0.03-0.11 to 0.050.43
RESULTS: The effects of canagliflozin at 100 and 300 doses slightly reduced Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and Body Mass Index (BMI) without significant differences with placebo [HbA1c at 100 mg, effect size: -0.005, Confidence Interval of 95% = -0.04 to 0.03, (P = 0.79), at 300 mg, effect size: -0.03 (-0.11 to 0.05), (P = 0.43), BMI at 100 mg, effect size: -0.01 (-0.04 to 0.02), (P = 0.57) and at 300 mg, effect size was 0.02 (-0.05 to 0.10), (P = 0.55)].
FeedsSGLT2 inhibitors×glycemic control
Body Mass Index (BMI)canagliflozin at 100 mg vs placebono clear difference · hypertension, ascvdfeeds one cell of the map
Δ -0.01-0.04 to 0.020.57
RESULTS: The effects of canagliflozin at 100 and 300 doses slightly reduced Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and Body Mass Index (BMI) without significant differences with placebo [HbA1c at 100 mg, effect size: -0.005, Confidence Interval of 95% = -0.04 to 0.03, (P = 0.79), at 300 mg, effect size: -0.03 (-0.11 to 0.05), (P = 0.43), BMI at 100 mg, effect size: -0.01 (-0.04 to 0.02), (P = 0.57) and at 300 mg, effect size was 0.02 (-0.05 to 0.10), (P = 0.55)].
FeedsSGLT2 inhibitors×body weight & composition
Glycemic controlno clear difference · against placebo · hypertension, ascvdfeeds one cell of the map
effect size 0.03P = 0.79
RESULTS: The effects of canagliflozin at 100 and 300 doses slightly reduced Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and Body Mass Index (BMI) without significant differences with placebo [HbA1c at 100 mg, effect size: -0.005, Confidence Interval of 95% = -0.04 to 0.03, (P = 0.79), at 300 mg, effect size: -0.03 (-0.11 to 0.05), (P = 0.43), BMI at 100 mg, effect size: -0.01 (-0.04 to 0.02), (P = 0.57) and at 300 mg, effect size was 0.02 (-0.05 to 0.10), (P = 0.55)].
FeedsSGLT2 inhibitors×glycemic control
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)canagliflozin at 100 mg vs placebono clear difference · hypertension, ascvdfeeds one cell of the map
Δ -0.01-0.04 to 0.030.79
RESULTS: The effects of canagliflozin at 100 and 300 doses slightly reduced Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and Body Mass Index (BMI) without significant differences with placebo [HbA1c at 100 mg, effect size: -0.005, Confidence Interval of 95% = -0.04 to 0.03, (P = 0.79), at 300 mg, effect size: -0.03 (-0.11 to 0.05), (P = 0.43), BMI at 100 mg, effect size: -0.01 (-0.04 to 0.02), (P = 0.57) and at 300 mg, effect size was 0.02 (-0.05 to 0.10), (P = 0.55)].
FeedsSGLT2 inhibitors×glycemic control
Systolic blood pressurecanagliflozin at 100 mg vs placebono clear difference · hypertension, ascvdfeeds one cell of the map
Δ -0.03-0.07 to 0.000.06
At 100 mg dose, canagliflozin lowers systolic blood pressure compared to that of placebo (effect size: -0.03 (-0.07, 0.00), (P = 0.06)].
FeedsSGLT2 inhibitors×blood pressure

clause the extractor read what became the number

2 · Its place on the map

Where it lands on the map

Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.

supports the treatmentfavours the comparatorno clear differenceread, but no usable result
3 · What it changes

What it adds to each cell

For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.

SGLT2 inhibitors×glycemic control

InconclusiveOpen on the map →What to test next →

40 readable studies in this cell: 81 favour the treatment, 11 find no difference, 4 favour the comparator.

Belief with this paper
0.92replicated · 70 families support, 6 contradict · against placebo
Without itNot a counted family in this claim, so removing it changes nothing.
← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
0 · no effect
NCT010326294,330 enrolled · 2009
Δ 2.79-1.57 to 7.15
NCT011374742,996 enrolled · 2010
Δ -0.46-0.59 to -0.33
NCT011956622,245 enrolled · 2010
Δ -0.61-0.76 to -0.46
NCT010956661,484 enrolled · 2010
Δ -0.59-0.76 to -0.42
NCT009688121,452 enrolled · 2009
Δ -0.01-0.11 to 0.09
NCT017190031,413 enrolled · 2012
Adjusted mean -0.33-0.56 to -0.10
NCT011066771,284 enrolled · 2010
Δ -0.62-0.76 to -0.48
NCT016060071,282 enrolled · 2012
Δ -0.59-0.81 to -0.37
NCT006732311,240 enrolled · 2008
Δ -0.45-0.59 to -0.31
NCT020991101,233 enrolled · 2014
Δ -0.43-0.60 to -0.27
NCT006609071,217 enrolled · 2008
Δ 0.00-0.11 to 0.11
NCT018093271,186 enrolled · 2013
Δ -0.46-0.66 to -0.27

This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.

SGLT2 inhibitors×body weight & composition

InconclusiveOpen on the map →What to test next →

40 readable studies in this cell: 62 favour the treatment, 9 find no difference, 2 favour the comparator.

Belief with this paper
0.98established · 50 families support, 1 contradict · against placebo
Without itNot a counted family in this claim, so removing it changes nothing.
← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
0 · no effect
NCT010326294,330 enrolled · 2009
Δ -2.96-3.47 to -2.45
NCT010956661,484 enrolled · 2010
Δ -1.10-1.65 to -0.56
NCT009688121,452 enrolled · 2009
Δ -5.20-5.70 to -4.70
NCT017190031,413 enrolled · 2012
Adjusted mean -2.50-3.33 to -1.68
NCT011066771,284 enrolled · 2010
Δ -2.40-3.00 to -1.80
NCT016060071,282 enrolled · 2012
Δ -2.05-2.73 to -1.37
NCT006732311,240 enrolled · 2008
Δ -1.00-1.50 to -0.49
NCT020991101,233 enrolled · 2014
Δ -1.85-2.48 to -1.22
NCT006609071,217 enrolled · 2008
Δ -4.65-5.14 to -4.17
NCT018093271,186 enrolled · 2013
Δ -0.90-1.60 to -0.20
NCT010956531,179 enrolled · 2010
Δ -1.37-2.01 to -0.73
NCT008598981,093 enrolled · 2009
Δ -1.97-2.64 to -1.30

This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.

SGLT2 inhibitors×blood pressure

InconclusiveOpen on the map →What to test next →

38 readable studies in this cell: 24 favour the treatment, 14 find no difference, 0 favour the comparator.

Belief with this paper
0.88established · 14 families support, 2 contradict · against placebo
Without itNot a counted family in this claim, so removing it changes nothing.
← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
0 · no effect
NCT010326294,330 enrolled · 2009
Δ -2.96-4.00 to -1.91
NCT011374742,996 enrolled · 2010
Δ -3.05-4.87 to -1.24
NCT011956622,245 enrolled · 2010
Δ -4.28-6.54 to -2.02
NCT011066771,284 enrolled · 2010
Δ -2.87-4.46 to -1.28
NCT020991101,233 enrolled · 2014
Δ -2.76-4.69 to -0.83
NCT018093271,186 enrolled · 2013
Δ -1.91-3.64 to -0.18
NCT02580591977 enrolled · 2015
Δ -2.10-3.90 to -0.20
NCT01042977964 enrolled · 2010
Δ -2.71-4.28 to -1.15
NCT03332771954 enrolled · 2017
Δ -4.18-6.70 to -1.65
NCT00984867833 enrolled · 2009
Δ -0.86-3.75 to 2.03
NCT03351478770 enrolled · 2017
Δ -2.05-4.87 to 0.76
NCT01137812756 enrolled · 2010
Δ -5.91-7.64 to -4.17

This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.

4 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

5 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

6 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

7 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Hossein AftabiDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran. Haftabih@gmail.com.
Reyhaneh AftabiSocial Determinants on Oral Health Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. reyhane9495@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

8 · The paper itself

Abstract

The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.

backgroundCanagliflozin or sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) is considered as an authorized therapeutic drug for treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study reviews and evaluates the effects of Canagliflozin on Hemoglobin (HbA1c), Body Mass Index (BMI) and Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP).

methodsThis fixed-effects systematic review and meta-analysis are based on 38 comprehensive literature survey and statistical analysis of selected references that explore the effect of canagliflozin in patients having cardiovascular disease (CVD) and T2DM. The data were analyzed and interpreted at 95% Confidence Interval with reference to placebo-controlled randomized controlled trails (RCTs).

resultsThe effects of canagliflozin at 100 and 300 doses slightly reduced Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and Body Mass Index (BMI) without significant differences with placebo [HbA1c at 100 mg, effect size: -0.005, Confidence Interval of 95% = -0.04 to 0.03, (P = 0.79), at 300 mg, effect size: -0.03 (-0.11 to 0.05), (P = 0.43), BMI at 100 mg, effect size: -0.01 (-0.04 to 0.02), (P = 0.57) and at 300 mg, effect size was 0.02 (-0.05 to 0.10), (P = 0.55)]. At 100 mg dose, canagliflozin lowers systolic blood pressure compared to that of placebo (effect size: -0.03 (-0.07, 0.00), (P = 0.06)]. These data up to date reveal that the most significant effective role of canagliflozin in patients having T2DM is to reduce the systolic blood pressure.

conclusionThis systematic review and meta-analysis highlight that although canagliflozin does not project significant decrease on BMI and HbA1c, yet in 100 mg doses significantly reduces SBP in patients with T2DM. Further future research in the coming years may provide more data and information on the protective role of canagliflozin in patients with T2DM.

Indexed as

CanagliflozinCardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Hypoglycemic AgentsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsBlood PressureBody Mass IndexHeart Disease Risk FactorsHumansRisk FactorsCanagliflozinHypoglycemic AgentsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsBody mass indexCanagliflozinCardiovascular diseaseHemoglobin levelPlaceboSystolic blood pressureType 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID40604628
PMCPMC12220448

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.