ArticleBMC public health2025
Trends analysis of the global burden of hypertensive heart disease from 1990 to 2021: a population-based study.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Artificial Intelligence in Cardiovascular Medicine: Focus on Hypertension.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2026Pooled it
- Etiology, Management, and Outcomes of Hospitalized Heart Failure Patients:Saudi medical journal · 2026Article
- PFAS exposure and hypertension in US adults: A multi-method, cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2005 to 2014.Medicine · 2026Article
- A nationwide analysis of mortality trends due to hypertensive heart disease with co-existing behavioral and mental disorders (1999-2020).Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- The burden of hypertensive heart disease in China and G20 countries: analysis from 1990 to 2021 and 30-year projections for China.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Global, regional and national burden of polycystic ovary syndrome: historical trends from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2035.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Article
- Observational
- Burden of Hypertensive Heart Disease and Its Risk Factors in East Asia, 1990-2021: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Global heart · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHypertensive heart disease (HHD) majorly contributes to heart failure and mortality. Using the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) database, we investigated the epidemiology of HHD globally, regionally, and nationally between 1990 and 2021. This study aimed to assess trends and cross-country disparities in HHD burden between 1990 and 2021 and predict its progression until 2040.
methodsData on prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and their changes, and HHD risk factor attributions were extracted from the GBD 2021. The burden was analyzed across sociodemographic index (SDI) levels, sex, age groups, and 204 countries/territories.
resultsThe GBD 2021 included 12,505,435.66 prevalent and 25,462,184.71 DALY HHD cases. East Asia had the highest prevalence and DALYs, whereas the lowest SDI regions had the highest age-standardized rates (ASRs). Particularly among elderly females, who were the most affected group. Decomposition analysis revealed that population aging and growth primarily increased DALYs. Frontier analysis showed that the ASR of prevalence and DALYs declined as the SDI increased. Inequality analysis revealed that DALYs (per 100,000) decreased, and the prevalence increased from 1990 to 2021. Predictive analysis indicated that the ASR of DALYs would continuously decline, and prevalence ASR would initially decline and stabilize by 2040. In addition to high body mass index (BMI) and systolic blood pressure, low vegetable and fruit intake were critical risk factors.
conclusionsDespite the global decline in the ASR of DALYs for HHD, the prevalence ASR continues to increase, particularly in high SDI regions. Tailored strategies based on regional and national heterogeneity are required to reduce the global HHD burden.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.