ArticleBMC digital health2025
Feasibility of cognitive testing and ecological momentary assessments using smartphones in middle aged and older adults with insomnia.
Article in BMC digital health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Feasibility and Acceptability of a Remote Sleep-Dependent Memory Assessment in Older Adults With Cognitive Concerns: Pilot Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR aging · 2026Article
- Bidirectional associations of daily mood and subjective cognition in older adults using Ecological Momentary Assessment.Aging & mental health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Older adults with insomnia who use benzodiazepine receptor agonists (BZAs) may be at increased risk of cognitive impairment. Cognitive testing outside of clinical settings may yield results that are more reflective of individuals' cognition in their natural environment, where they experience fluctuations in mental state (e.g. drowsiness). We assessed the feasibility of self-administered cognitive testing via smartphone apps for collecting in-moment, in-context data about a person's current state (ecological momentary assessment, EMA). Methods: Participants ( Results: The median number of days that EMA was completed was 24.5. Twelve (60%) individuals participated in 4 sessions; 2 (10%) individuals participated in 3 sessions; 2 (10%) individuals participated in 2 sessions; and 4 (20%) individuals participated in 1 session. No drowsiness was reported 36% of the time, whereas 38% of the responses reflected feeling "a little bit" drowsy and 26% at least "somewhat" drowsy. Mean cognitive test scores were DGS-Forward = 7 (SD 1.3), DGS-Backward = 5.6 (SD 1.0), VPA total errors = 9.9 (SD 3.7), and VPA-DR = 2.2 (SD 1.9). Three themes emerged from the participant interviews: 1) concern for one's own cognitive abilities, 2) strategies employed for optimizing scores (including strategies that would invalidate results), and 3) ease of use of the applications. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that mobile cognitive tests and EMAs are feasible in this older population. Further work is needed to understand how scores are influenced by the setting, mood, and behaviors. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s44247-025-00158-4.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.