Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40607153›Full record

ArticleDiabetology international2025

Efficacy of carbohydrate counting in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Naoki Sakane, Masayuki Domichi, Akiko Suganuma

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Article in Diabetology international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Naoki SakaneDivision of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8555 Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-2625-571X
Masayuki DomichiDivision of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8555 Japan.
Akiko SuganumaDivision of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8555 Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Although carbohydrate counting (CC) being the recommended dietary strategy for achieving glycemic control in people with diabetes, there is limited evidence. Our aim is to systematically assess the efficacy of CC in people with diabetes. Methods: We searched PubMed up to October 2024 and assessed randomized controlled trials of interventions longer than 12 weeks in people with diabetes. Change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels was the primary outcome. The results of clinically and statistically homogenous studies were pooled and meta-analyzed using the random-effects model to provide estimates of the efficacy of CC. Results: We identified 16 studies (633 children and 640 adults) in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and 6 studies (966 adults) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There was significant improvement in HbA1c levels with CC versus the other diets in T1DM (- 0.21%, 95% CI - 0.41 to - 0.01; Conclusions: For glycemic control in people with T1DM, CC was an effective option. Although BCC was not effective for glycemic control in adults with T2DM, further high-quality and long-term studies are needed to confirm these issues.

Indexed as

Carbohydrate countingCarbohydrate mobile appHemoglobin A1cType 1 diabetes mellitusType 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID40607153
PMCPMC12209165

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.