ArticleJournal of diabetes science and technology2025
First in Human Feasibility Study: Automated Insulin Delivery Utilizing a Self-Adapting Algorithm in Adults With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes.
Article in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- On the road to fully automated insulin delivery: A systematic review of meal announcement free algorithms.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
- Diabetic Retinopathy Outcomes and Early Worsening of Diabetic Retinopathy in Adolescents and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Following Rapid and Large Glycemic Improvements After Commencing Automated Insulin Delivery.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2026Article
- Epidemiological trend in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) burden in China from 1990 to 2021, and projections for 2041: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Revolutionizing Diabetes Care: From Tech to Therapeutics.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis feasibility study assessed a novel self-adapting closed-loop system which does not require carbohydrate announcement, in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
methodsSingle-arm study, comprising a 14-day run-in using participants' usual insulin therapy with a blinded continuous glucose monitor (CGM), followed by 12 weeks use of the novel closed-loop system. The algorithm adjusted its own parameters after 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks of use.
resultsThirty-two participants with type 1 and 10 participants with type 2 diabetes were enrolled. Mean time in range (TIR; % CGM readings = 70-180 mg/dL) was 37.7% at baseline and 55.9% during the intervention period in type 1 diabetes; 17.6% at baseline and 51.5% during the intervention period in type 2 diabetes. Median time <70 mg/dL during the intervention period was 1.1% in type 1 and 0.0% in type 2 diabetes. Median TIR was 65% following the fourth algorithm adaptation. Median daily insulin delivered by manual bolus was 1.0 units in type 1 and 0.0 units in type 2 diabetes, consistent with no meal announcement. There were four serious adverse events: worsening retinopathy, severe hypoglycemia following a period of paused automation, and two hospitalizations unrelated to the device.
conclusionsA closed-loop algorithm that adjusts its own parameters and requires no meal announcement was feasible in a cohort of adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Clinical benefits were most apparent with the fully adapted algorithm.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.