Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40608283›Full record

ArticleAdvances in therapy2025

Relationships Among Glaucoma, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Mortality.

Luciano Quaranta, Alessia A Galbussera, Mauro Tettamanti, Alessio Novella, Luca Pasina, Ida Fortino, Olivia Leoni, Francesco Oddone, Sara Giammaria, Mikołaj Kużniak and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advances in therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Luciano QuarantaCentro Oculistico Italiano, Brescia, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5462-1713
Alessia A GalbusseraDepartment of Health Policy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0163-1034
Mauro TettamantiDepartment of Health Policy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy. mauro.tettamanti@marionegri.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7345-0887
Alessio NovellaDepartment of Health Policy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5927-811X
Luca PasinaDepartment of Health Policy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4777-1350
Ida FortinoDirezione Generale Welfare, Regione Lombardia, Milan, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-6006-0376
Olivia LeoniDirezione Generale Welfare, Regione Lombardia, Milan, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6906-2424
Francesco OddoneIRCCS Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2504-0004
Sara GiammariaIRCCS Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5260-0126
Mikołaj KużniakClinic of Ophthalmology and Vision Rehabilitation, University Clinical Hospital No. 2 of the Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-4822-4291
Robert N WeinrebViterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9553-3202
Alessandro NobiliDepartment of Health Policy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7813-0572

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionIn order to better understand comorbidity rates and the associated risk of death in patients with glaucoma we retrospective analyzed two groups of subjects aged 50 years and above residing in Lombardy Region (Northern Italy) following them from January 1, 2017 to February 1, 2020 (just before the COVID-19 pandemic started in Italy). The two groups were all subjects with incident glaucoma in 2017 and a 3:1 random sample stratified by age and sex of subjects without glaucoma. Main outcome was overall survival. Other outcomes were incidence of cardiovascular diseases (heart attack, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease).

methodsAll data were taken from Lombardy Region administrative database and therefore the presence of glaucoma was ascertained using antiglaucoma drug prescriptions, being hospitalized or undergoing an intervention for glaucoma, and having a glaucoma exemption for healthcare co-payments.

resultsThe study identified 14,138 incident cases of glaucoma and selected 42,414 subjects without glaucoma. The number of deaths was higher among glaucoma subjects (11.6%) compared to those without glaucoma (10.5%). The death hazard ratio (HR) for glaucoma subjects compared to controls was 1.07 (95% CI 1.01-1.14, p = 0.015) in the adjusted model. Similarly incidence of stroke was higher in glaucoma compared to non-glaucoma subjects (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.20), while the incidence of heart attack and peripheral arterial disease during the follow-up period was similar in the two groups. HRs varied by age classes for death and peripheral arterial disease. Individuals with glaucoma showed higher comorbidity rates compared to those without glaucoma, particularly in diabetes mellitus (16.7% vs. 11.0%) and hypertension (62.2% vs. 58.1%).

conclusionsOur results show an increased risk of mortality in subjects with glaucoma compared to those without glaucoma, with age being a significant factor influencing outcomes. These findings suggest the importance of monitoring and managing comorbidities in individuals with newly incident glaucoma to potentially improve their overall health outcomes and quality of life.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesCOVID-19GlaucomaAgedAged, 80 and overComorbidityFemaleHumansIncidenceItalyMaleMiddle AgedPeripheral Arterial DiseaseRetrospective StudiesStrokeGeneral mortalityGlaucomaHeart attackPeripheral artery diseaseStroke

Identifiers

PMID40608283
PMCPMC12394243

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.