ArticleAdvances in therapy2025
Relationships Among Glaucoma, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Mortality.
Article in Advances in therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Explainable retinal deep learning for cardiovascular risk stratification: a multiple modality analysis framework with vascular-centric interpretability and robustness.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Article
- Association Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Systemic Outcomes in Patients with Glaucoma: A Real-World Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionIn order to better understand comorbidity rates and the associated risk of death in patients with glaucoma we retrospective analyzed two groups of subjects aged 50 years and above residing in Lombardy Region (Northern Italy) following them from January 1, 2017 to February 1, 2020 (just before the COVID-19 pandemic started in Italy). The two groups were all subjects with incident glaucoma in 2017 and a 3:1 random sample stratified by age and sex of subjects without glaucoma. Main outcome was overall survival. Other outcomes were incidence of cardiovascular diseases (heart attack, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease).
methodsAll data were taken from Lombardy Region administrative database and therefore the presence of glaucoma was ascertained using antiglaucoma drug prescriptions, being hospitalized or undergoing an intervention for glaucoma, and having a glaucoma exemption for healthcare co-payments.
resultsThe study identified 14,138 incident cases of glaucoma and selected 42,414 subjects without glaucoma. The number of deaths was higher among glaucoma subjects (11.6%) compared to those without glaucoma (10.5%). The death hazard ratio (HR) for glaucoma subjects compared to controls was 1.07 (95% CI 1.01-1.14, p = 0.015) in the adjusted model. Similarly incidence of stroke was higher in glaucoma compared to non-glaucoma subjects (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.20), while the incidence of heart attack and peripheral arterial disease during the follow-up period was similar in the two groups. HRs varied by age classes for death and peripheral arterial disease. Individuals with glaucoma showed higher comorbidity rates compared to those without glaucoma, particularly in diabetes mellitus (16.7% vs. 11.0%) and hypertension (62.2% vs. 58.1%).
conclusionsOur results show an increased risk of mortality in subjects with glaucoma compared to those without glaucoma, with age being a significant factor influencing outcomes. These findings suggest the importance of monitoring and managing comorbidities in individuals with newly incident glaucoma to potentially improve their overall health outcomes and quality of life.
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