ArticleCell reports2025
Ex vivo model of functioning human lymph node reveals role for innate lymphocytes and stroma in response to vaccine adjuvant.
Article in Cell reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Lymph node extracellular matrix skews the immune function of human fibroblastic reticular cells.iScience · 2026Article
- Stromal cell-mediated tuning of the extracellular matrix for immune tissue engineering.Current opinion in biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Review
- Varicella zoster virus and the central nervous system.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Protocol for precision cutting and short-term culture of lymph node tissue slices for modeling of innate immune responses ex vivo.STAR protocols · 2026Article
- Functional profiling of porcine precision-cut lymph node slices as anFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Dissecting the mechanism of action of the adjuvant system AS01 in human immune cells: synergy of QS-21 and monophosphoryl lipid A and role of type I interferons.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Integration of lymphatic vasculature to a human lymph node-on-chip enhances physiological immune properties.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Immunological processes that underpin human immune responses to therapeutics and vaccine components, such as vaccine adjuvants, remain poorly defined due to a paucity of models that faithfully recapitulate immune activation in lymphoid tissues. We describe precision-cut human lymph node (LN) slices as a functioning, architecturally preserved, full-organ cross-sectional model system. Using single-cell transcriptomics and multiplexed imaging, we explore early inflammatory response to a potent, clinically relevant liposomal vaccine adjuvant containing a TLR4-agonist and QS-21 saponin. Both TLR4 and NLRP3 inflammasome activation are involved in the direct initiation of the inflammatory response to adjuvant by monocytes and macrophages (Mon./Mac.) with secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, but not IL-18, dependent on TLR4 signaling. Innate lymphoid cells, including natural killer cells, are indirectly activated by Mon./Mac.-produced cytokines, signaling downstream to B cells via interferon-γ secretion. Resident LN stromal populations, primed both directly and indirectly by vaccine adjuvant, are instrumental in mediating inflammatory cell recruitment, particularly neutrophils.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.