Evidence mapPaperPMID 40610709Full record

Observational studyPediatric research2026

Cardiometabolic characteristics of school-aged children born preterm with very low birth weight.

Rafael Oliveira Fernandes, Victoria Baptista Dos Santos, Rafaela Mallmann Saalfeld, Almiro Sagás Evaristo, Juliana Rombaldi Bernardi, Paula Maria Eidt Rovedder, Anne Monique Nuyt, Thuy Mai Luu, Renato Soibelmann Procianoy, Rita C Silveira

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Pediatric research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Rafael Oliveira FernandesGraduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health (PPGSCA), Medical School of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. rafafernandes.fisio@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0853-726X
Victoria Baptista Dos SantosGraduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health (PPGSCA), Medical School of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Rafaela Mallmann SaalfeldGraduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health (PPGSCA), Medical School of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Almiro Sagás EvaristoHospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Juliana Rombaldi BernardiGraduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health (PPGSCA), Medical School of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Paula Maria Eidt RovedderHospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Anne Monique NuytAzrieli Research Centre of CHU Sainte-Justine and Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Thuy Mai LuuAzrieli Research Centre of CHU Sainte-Justine and Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Renato Soibelmann ProcianoyGraduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health (PPGSCA), Medical School of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Rita C SilveiraGraduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health (PPGSCA), Medical School of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPreterm birth is a risk factor for early-onset cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. However, there is a paucity of data related to cardiometabolic health of preterm individuals from low- and middle-income countries. Our aim was to investigate the cardiometabolic characteristics of school-age children born preterm with very low birth weight (VLBW) compared to term.

methodsThis cross-sectional observational study recruited 77 children born preterm VLBW in Southern Brazil and 59 term children, aged 8-14 years old. Physical exam, body composition and fasting blood tests were performed. Cardiometabolic risk factors were determined as elevated blood pressure (BP), overweight, dyslipidemia, and dysglycemia.

resultsPreterm group presented an OR of 2.6 (95% CI 1.05, 6.6) for elevated BP compared to term. Overweight was less common in the preterm (OR 0.4; 95% CI 0.2, 0.9). Dyslipidemia and dysglycemia were not different among groups, with both conditions highly prevalent across them. Preterm group presented lower fat mass (-4.6 kg; 95% CI -7.4, -1.8) and fat-free mass (-2.33 kg; 95% CI -4.27, -0.40) compared to term; lower-income preterm children exhibited higher fat mass. Eutrophic preterm subgroup analysis evidenced elevated triglycerides.

conclusionChildren born preterm with VLBW in a LMIC present increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. Eutrophic and lower-income preterm children presented higher cardiometabolic risk, justifying long-term monitoring for adverse outcomes. IMPACT: School-aged children born preterm with very low birth weight, particularly from low-income families, showed increased risk of cardiac and metabolic diseases. This pioneering study of juvenile individuals born preterm in Brazil offers valuable insights into the long-term effects of preterm birth, a field largely explored in the literature from high-income countries. The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors-elevated blood pressure, dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, and overweight, in preterm born children is a subject of great concern. Our findings highlight the need for extended follow-up to improve outcomes in high-risk preterm individuals.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesInfant, PrematureInfant, Very Low Birth WeightPremature BirthAdolescentBlood PressureBrazilCardiometabolic Risk FactorsChildCross-Sectional StudiesDyslipidemiasFemaleHumansInfant, NewbornMaleOverweight

Identifiers

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.