ArticleBMC public health2025
Assessment of diabetes knowledge, hypoglycaemia awareness, and adherence to insulin pen usage practices among diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study of determinants and educational needs.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Implementation and evaluation of an insulin use manual in the public health system of a Peruvian Region: a mixed-methods study.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Development and psychometric validation of a medication literacy scale for glucose-lowering therapy in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Improving self-care, HbA1c control, and quality of life in type 2 diabetes: a self-regulation intervention based on the individual and family self-management theory.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStudies on diabetic patients' knowledge of their disease, hypoglycemia, insulin, and adherence to appropriate insulin pen usage practices are limited. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the knowledge of diabetic patients who use insulin pens about their disease, hypoglycemia, insulin, and adherence to adequate insulin pen usage practices and to identify the determinants of knowledge and adequate practices.
methodsA cross-sectional design was used in this study. The study involved patients with diabetes mellitus visiting primary healthcare outpatient clinics. Knowledge about diabetes mellitus was assessed via the Michigan Diabetes Knowledge Test (MDKT), along with knowledge about hypoglycemia, insulin, and insulin pen use.
resultsA total of 387 patients with diabetes mellitus who used insulin pens were included. Of those, 248 (64.1%) had type 1 diabetes mellitus, and 139 (35.9%) had type 2 diabetes mellitus. The mean age of the patients was 37.8 ± 16.5 years, and the mean time since diagnosis was 13.7 ± 9.2 years. The mean diabetes mellitus score was 70.8% ± 18.3%, and the mean knowledge score of hypoglycemia was 84.4% ± 17.8%. The mean knowledge of insulin was 86.1% ± 8.4%. The percentage of patients who adhered to adequate practices regarding insulin pens was 75.7% ± 15.8%. There was a significant low-to-moderate positive correlation between knowledge about diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemia, and insulin and adherence to adequate practices involving the use of insulin pens. Knowledge about diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with higher educational level, higher monthly income, being employed, and having a shorter duration since diagnosis (p < 0.05).
conclusionsThis study reveals significant knowledge gaps and inconsistent insulin use among diabetes patients, with women having higher knowledge scores. It also highlights the associations between diabetes knowledge, hypoglycemia, insulin, and adherence to adequate insulin use practices. The study suggests that different types of diabetes patients require different education and healthcare tools to better understand their condition and treatment plans, emphasizing the need for tailored education and healthcare tools.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.