Evidence mapPaperPMID 40611246Full record

ArticleBMC complementary medicine and therapies2025

Bioprospection of indigenous herbal formulations for diabetes care: in vitro, network pharmacology, and molecular dynamics studies.

Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo, Akingbolabo Daniel Ogunlakin, Omolola Adenike Ajayi-Odoko, Gideon Ampoma Gyebi, Damilare IyinKristi Ayokunle, Adesoji Alani Olanrewaju, Oluwatobi Deborah Agbeye, Emmanuel Tope Ogunwale, Oluyomi Stephen Adeyemi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Oluwafemi Adeleke OjoResearch Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. oluwafemiadeleke08@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9331-396X
Akingbolabo Daniel OgunlakinPhytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Group, Biochemistry Programme, Bowen University, Iwo, 232102, Nigeria.
Omolola Adenike Ajayi-OdokoMicrobiology Programme, Bowen University, Iwo, 232102, Nigeria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9870-2497
Gideon Ampoma GyebiDepartment of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1945-1739
Damilare IyinKristi AyokunlePure and Applied Biology Programme, Bowen University, Iwo, 232102, Nigeria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1632-3528
Adesoji Alani OlanrewajuChemistry and Industrial Chemistry Programme, Bowen University, Iwo, 232102, Nigeria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6084-4465
Oluwatobi Deborah AgbeyePhytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Group, Biochemistry Programme, Bowen University, Iwo, 232102, Nigeria.
Emmanuel Tope OgunwaleAnimal Science Programme, Bowen University, Iwo, 232102, Nigeria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5588-3830
Oluyomi Stephen AdeyemiPhytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Group, Biochemistry Programme, Bowen University, Iwo, 232102, Nigeria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9342-8505

Funding

Bowen University Research Grant (BURG) BURG/2024/006
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHerbal formulations have garnered significant interest from researchers for their potential antidiabetic effects. However, scientific validation of their efficacy and understanding of their mechanisms of action have limited their use in modern medicine. Therefore, we investigated crude formulations consisting of Beta vulgaris leaves, Persea americana seeds, Beta vulgaris roots and Syzygium aromaticum for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by combining network pharmacology with experimental verification.

methodsWe screened 11 active ingredients and 3238 corresponding targets from biological databases. Additionally, the stability of the top-ranked poses and positive compounds linked to DPP-IV, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase were evaluated via molecular dynamics.

resultsHerbal formulations Formulations A and B exhibited notable inhibitory activity against the α-amylase enzyme, with IC50 values of 113.325. ± 6.627 and 170.704 ± 5.658 µg/mL, respectively, compared with that of acarbose (IC50 = 27.704 ± 0.270 µg/mL). Notably, Formulation B (IC50 = 15.035 ± 4.582 µg/mL) exhibited greater inhibitory activity than both Formulation A (IC50 = 271.835 ± 5.601 µg/mL) and the standard acarbose (IC50 = 17.389 ± 0.436 µg/mL). In addition, both Forms A (IC50 = 150.953 ± 23.127 µg/mL) and B (IC50 = 194.706 ± 37.776 µg/mL) showed notable inhibitory activity against DPP-IV compared with the standard evogliptin (IC50 = 86.534 ± 6.043 µg/mL). Furthermore, neither crude formulation exhibited cellular toxicity in human foreskin fibroblasts, with IC50 values for formulation A (1949 µg/mL) being lower than those for formulation B (7580 µg/mL). On the basis of our findings, the main active components, namely, quercetrin, rutin, and myricetin, exhibit strong binding affinities and stability for DPP-IV, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase. According to the results of the GO and KEGG analyses, the use of crude formulations to treat T2D may affect various pathways, including the EGFR and PI3K/Akt pathways.

conclusionThese results provide a scientific and experimental foundation for the use of these particular plants for the treatment of T2D.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Hypoglycemic AgentsPlant Extractsalpha-AmylasesHumansMolecular Dynamics SimulationNetwork Pharmacologyalpha-AmylasesHypoglycemic AgentsPlant ExtractsComputational modelingDrug discovery and developmentHerbal drug formulationMetabolic diseasesNetwork pharmacology

Identifiers

PMID40611246
PMCPMC12224487

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.