ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2025
Drug Resistance Predictions Based on a Directed Flag Transformer.
Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Targeted Degradation of Picornaviral 3C Protease via PROTACs Confers High Barrier to Viral Resistance and Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- A Review of Topological Data Analysis and Topological Deep Learning in Molecular Sciences.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2025Review
- Intra-Host Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 During Persistent Infection of Pediatric COVID-19 Patients.Viruses · 2025Article
- Drug Resistance Predictions Based on a Directed Flag Transformer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The evolving SARS-CoV-2 virus threatens global public health, particularly with potential resistance to PAXLOVID, whose active ingredient, nirmatrelvir, targets the viral main protease (Mpro). CAPTURE (direCted flAg laPlacian Transformer for drUg Resistance prEdictions) is developed to assess Mpro mutations' impact on nirmatrelvir binding and identify drug-resistant variants. CAPTURE integrates a mutation analysis with a resistance prediction module using DFFormer-seq, a novel ensemble model combining a Directed Flag Transformer and sequence embeddings. Analysis of Mpro mutations from May to December 2022 revealed increasing mutation frequencies near the binding site, suggesting PAXLOVID's widespread use accelerated drug-resistant evolution. CAPTURE identified potential resistance mutations, including experimentally confirmed H172Y and F140L, and five others awaiting validation. Evaluated on Mpro mutant data, CAPTURE achieved 57% recall and 71% precision in predicting drug-resistant mutations. This work establishes a robust framework for predicting resistance and enabling real-time viral surveillance, guiding the design of next-generation therapeutics.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.