Evidence mapPaperPMID 40613016Full record

ReviewKidney medicine2025

Hypomagnesemia With Metformin Use in Diabetes Mellitus: A Case and Narrative Review.

Eric J Xu, David J R Steele, Andrew Z Fenves

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Kidney medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Eric J XuDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
David J R SteeleDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Andrew Z FenvesDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hypomagnesemia is defined as a serum magnesium level <1.7 mg/dL, and it can be induced by gastrointestinal losses or renal wasting of magnesium. This is a common electrolyte abnormality in patients with diabetes mellitus. Refractory hypomagnesemia presents a significant challenge in clinical management, because some patients are prone to developing severe, recurrent hypomagnesemia that is refractory to aggressive repletion. In diabetes, insulin resistance in renal tissue inhibits magnesium reabsorption and contributes to the hypomagnesemia observed in these patients. Hypomagnesemia has also been reported with use of metformin and may be because of gastrointestinal wasting and intracellular accumulation. Chronic use of metformin suppresses transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 6 in the kidneys, although it also appears to reduce urinary magnesium excretion. In addition to repletion aadnd using potassium-sparing diuretics, substituting sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for metformin may be helpful in managing refractory hypomagnesemia in patients with diabetes.

Indexed as

diabetesdiabetes mellituselectrolyte abnormalityHypomagnesemiainsulin resistancemetforminrepletionSGLT2 inhibitor

Identifiers

PMID40613016
PMCPMC12221734

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.