Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40613482›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2025

A novel approach to resilience and its links with education and Alzheimer's disease genetics.

Maria Carrigan, Diana I Bocancea, Jacob Vogel, Anna C van Loenhoud, Niccoló Tesi, Frederik Barkhof, Paul J Lucassen, Wiesje M van der Flier, Harm J Krugers, Sven J Van der Lee and 1 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Sex specificity of resistance to caTAUstrophe.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. A novel approach to resilience and its links with education and Alzheimer's disease genetics.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Maria CarriganAlzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID 0009-0001-3506-9708
Diana I BocanceaAlzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Jacob VogelDepartment of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, SciLifLab, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Anna C van LoenhoudAlzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Niccoló TesiSection Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Department of Clinical Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Frederik BarkhofQueen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK.
Paul J LucassenFaculty of Science, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Wiesje M van der FlierAlzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Harm J KrugersFaculty of Science, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Sven J Van der LeeAlzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Rik OssenkoppeleAlzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Funding

Alzheimer NederlandEuropean Research CouncilVeni-program of Zon-MW 09150161910095
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionCognitive resilience refers to maintaining cognitive function despite Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology.

methodsWe analyzed amyloid-positive individuals across clinical stages of AD in two cohorts: the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort (ADC, N = 1036) and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI, N = 685). Cognitive resilience was conceptualized from a canonical correlation analysis of magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological data in each cohort separately. Model validation involved education as a resilience proxy and key genetic factors (apolipoprotein E [APOE] ε4 and APOE ε2) of AD. We explored associations between 83 AD risk loci and cognitive resilience.

resultsResilience was correlated with education (ADC: β = 0.144, p < 0.001; ADNI: β = 0.149, p < 0.001) and APOE ε4 (β DISCUSSION: Our novel resilience approach showed conceptual validity and potential for future discovery of resilience-related genetic variants. HIGHLIGHTS: ·We define a novel approach to resilience using canonical correlation analysis (CCA). ·Apolipoprotein E ε4 is linked to lower resilience, suggesting increased vulnerability. ·Genetic loci around COX7C and MINDY2 are potentially involved in higher resilience. ·This novel approach may be used for multi-cohort studies such as genome-wide association studies in the future.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseEducational StatusResilience, PsychologicalAgedAged, 80 and overApolipoprotein E4Cohort StudiesFemaleGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleNeuropsychological TestsPolymorphism, Single NucleotideApolipoprotein E4Alzheimer's diseasecanonical correlation analysiscognitive resiliencegenetic risk factorsglobal cognitionmagnetic resonance imaging

Identifiers

PMID40613482
PMCPMC12231230

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.