Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40613644›Full record

ReviewAnnals of medicine2025

Diabetic retinopathy in rural communities: a review of barriers to access of care and potential solutions.

James Burmeister, Madeline N Pham, Forrest Bohler, Caleb North

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Annals of medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

James BurmeisterDepartment of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA.ORCID 0009-0003-9682-365X
Madeline N PhamMercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA.
Forrest BohlerDepartment of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9963-2213
Caleb NorthMontana State University, College of Letters and Science, Bozeman, MT, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss. With an estimated 38.4 million Americans diagnosed with DM, the disease exerts a significant burden on healthcare systems, especially in rural areas where access to care is limited. DR prevalence is notably higher in rural communities due to barriers such as geographical isolation, lower socioeconomic status, and provider shortages.

objectiveThis narrative review explores the current state of DR management in rural areas, highlighting the increased incidence of the condition in these regions and the unique challenges faced by rural patients. BARRIERS TO CARE: Key barriers to care include distance and travel, financial constraints, and a lack of ophthalmology and optometry specialists. SOLUTIONS: The review also discusses potential solutions to improve DR outcomes, including teleophthalmology, artificial intelligence (AI) screening, and expanding rural healthcare workforce programs. These interventions aim to improve early detection and access to treatment, ultimately reducing the disparity in DR care between rural and urban populations. Comprehensive efforts from policymakers, healthcare systems, and educational institutions will be crucial in addressing the gaps in rural DR care and improving patient outcomes.

Indexed as

Diabetic RetinopathyHealth Services AccessibilityRural Health ServicesRural PopulationHealthcare DisparitiesHumansOphthalmologyPrevalenceTelemedicineBarriers in access to careDiabetic retinopathyrural communitiesrural healthcaretelehealth

Identifiers

PMID40613644
PMCPMC12231324

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.