ArticleScientific reports2025
A bioelectric router for adaptive isochronous neurostimulation enables multipolar bioelectric stimulation from a single source.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Neuromorphic Technologies for Neuroengineering: From Adaptive Stimulation to SNN-Based Inference and Deployable Biointerfaces.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Multipolar intracranial electrical brain stimulation (iEBS) is a method that has potential to improve clinical applications of mono- and bipolar iEBS, including deep brain stimulation (DBS) and sensory prosthetics. Current tools for multipolar iEBS can have high entry costs, lack flexibility in managing stimulation parameters and electrodes, and can include unnecessary clinical features. To enable novel multipolar iEBS research, we developed the Bioelectric Router for Adaptive Isochronous Neuro Stimulation (BRAINS) board. The BRAINS board is a cost-effective, customizable, and scalable device designed to facilitate multipolar iEBS experiments using electrode arrays. The BRAINS board allows user configuration of each channel independently and prioritizes ease of integration with experimental setups. It supports remote configuration changes for rapid switching of electrode states while maintaining output isolation and low noise. We performed bench-top validation of monopolar, bipolar, and multipolar stimulation regimes as well as validation in vivo in mouse primary visual cortex and measured using Neuropixel recordings. The BRAINS board demonstrates no meaningful differences in Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) noise or signal-to-noise ratio compared to the baseline performance of the isolated stimulator alone. The board supports configuration changes at a rate of up to 600 Hz without introducing residual noise. The BRAINS board enables modulation of spatial and temporal specificity of electrical neuromodulation with stimulating arrays, with integration into control systems for real-time neural feedback.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.