Evidence mapPaperPMID 40619211Full record

SynthesisEndocrine journal2025

Balancing efficacy and safety: glucokinase activators in glycemic and metabolic management of type 2 diabetes mellitus-a meta-analysis.

Yue Zeng, Yilan Ye, Yingchun Li, Min Yuan, Jingyu Hu

Abstract readMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Endocrine journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Yue ZengDepartment of Endocrinology, Longchang People's Hospital, Neijiang 642150, Sichuan Province, China.
Yilan YeDepartment of Endocrinology, Longchang People's Hospital, Neijiang 642150, Sichuan Province, China.
Yingchun LiDepartment of Endocrinology, Longchang People's Hospital, Neijiang 642150, Sichuan Province, China.
Min YuanDepartment of Endocrinology, Longchang People's Hospital, Neijiang 642150, Sichuan Province, China.
Jingyu HuDepartment of Endocrinology, Longchang People's Hospital, Neijiang 642150, Sichuan Province, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-7178-5050

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a persistent condition typically defined by prolonged hyperglycemia resulting from beta-cell impairment and insulin resistance. Glucokinase activators (GKAs) are new medications that target glucokinase (GK) to increase glucose utilization in both the pancreas and liver. Its effectiveness and safety are inconsistent across various doses and types. The meta-analysis assessed the effectiveness and safety of GKAs in T2DM on glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], fasting plasma glucose [FPG], postprandial plasma glucose [PPG]) as well as metabolic parameters (lipids, body weight, safety outcomes) stratified by dosage, type, and intervention time. The study involved a comprehensive analysis of 3,854 participants drawn from 11 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and risk ratios (RRs) were computed employing random-effects models, alongside conducting sensitivity and subgroup analyses. GKAs effectively lowered HbA1c and PPG, especially high-dose (HbA1c: SMD = -0.43, 95% CI: -0.62 to -0.24) and dual-acting GKAs. Medium and high-dose GKAs were associated with increased risk of hypoglycemia (RR = 1.50; 1.63). At 24 weeks, GKAs led to increases in triglycerides, body weight, and liver enzymes, with the majority of these effects subsiding by 52 weeks. GKAs provide favorable glycemic control but carry dose-dependent concerns. While dual-acting GKAs demonstrate impressive efficacy, hepatoselective GKAs reveal improved safety. There exists a pressing need for further longitudinal studies and customized treatment approaches concerning the utilization of GKAs.PROSPERO registration: CRD42020188517.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Enzyme ActivatorsGlucokinaseHypoglycemic AgentsBlood GlucoseGlycated HemoglobinGlycemic ControlHumansRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicTreatment OutcomeBlood GlucoseEnzyme ActivatorsGlucokinaseGlycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic AgentsGlucokinase activatorsGlycemic controlHypoglycemiaMeta-analysisType 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID40619211
PMCPMC12510786

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.