ArticleJournal of extracellular vesicles2025
Induced Treg-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Suppress CD4
Article in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Extracellular Vesicles for Treatment of Bone Resorption-Related Diseases in Animal Models: Systematic Review.Calcified tissue international · 2026Pooled it
- ZBP1-mediated Treg cell dysfunction exacerbates neuroimmune dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease under metabolic stress.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Targeting Periodontitis with Treg-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Modulation of Macrophages and CD8International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Ultrasound-activated piezoelectric Bi@Bi-MOF enables STING-mediated immunotherapy for implant-associated infections.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Ultrasound-activated MoS₂@Fe₃O₄ nanoplatform orchestrates biofilm disruption and immune reprogramming in implant-associated infections.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- CD4+FoxP3+ T regulatory cells subsets release small extracellular vesicles containing cell death-related proteins as potential mechanism of T cell suppression.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Exosomes in Bone Infection: Mechanisms of Action, Engineering Strategies, and Translational Applications.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Immunocyte-derived extracellular vesicles in osteoimmunology: mechanisms, disease contexts, and translational prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Regulatory T cell (Treg)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a contact-independent mechanism by which Tregs suppress dysregulated immune responses. These EVs carry diverse immunomodulatory molecules, including CD73, an ectoenzyme that hydrolyses AMP into adenosine. Adenosine subsequently acts as a potent immunosuppressive mediator that inhibits effector CD4⁺ T cell activation and controls pathological inflammation. Periodontitis is a highly prevalent inflammatory disease characterised by the accumulation of IL-17A-expressing CD4⁺ T cells in response to dysbiotic oral bacterial biofilms, ultimately leading to RANKL-mediated alveolar bone resorption and tooth loss. We tested the hypothesis that CD73⁺ Treg-derived EVs, isolated from Tregs induced with polarising cytokines in the presence of retinoic acid, could limit inflammation and prevent alveolar bone loss in periodontitis. Our findings demonstrate that Tregs induced with polarising cytokines in the presence of retinoic acid express high levels of CD73 and secrete adenosine-producing suppressive CD73
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.