Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40620548›Full record

ArticleGenus2025

Recent trends in parenthood in Swedish same- and different-sex legal unions: emerging gender and socioeconomic differences.

Stefanie Mollborn, Martin Kolk, Marie Evertsson

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Stefanie MollbornDepartment of Sociology, Demography Unit, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-6683-9146
Martin KolkDepartment of Sociology, Demography Unit, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Marie EvertssonSwedish Institute for Social Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Parentalization, or becoming a parent and being legally and socially recognized as such, has long been constrained for sexual minorities. Although many studies have examined the outcomes of children of same-sex couples, relatively less attention has been paid to researching parents in same-sex unions themselves. In Sweden, changing policy and social contexts have successively eased many disparities in access to parenthood for sexual minorities. Analyzing 27 years of Swedish administrative register data starting from the legal recognition of same-sex unions in 1995, we examined time trends in the prevalence of parenthood (coresidence with children under 18) and the sociodemographic characteristics of people with versus without coresident children in same- versus different-sex legal unions. We expected to document considerable changes over time as policy contexts, parentalization disparities, and minority stressors evolved. Results show that parenting increased over time within same-sex legal unions, with women becoming much more likely to parent while parenting remained rare in male-male legal unions. Mothers in same-sex legal unions became more similar over time to mothers in different-sex marriages, whereas fathers in same-sex legal unions were a highly selected group relative to fathers in different-sex marriages, mothers in same- and different-sex legal unions, and people without coresident children in same-sex legal unions. Sex, parenthood, and especially their interaction are important for understanding the characteristics and family formation experiences of people in same-sex legal unions.

Indexed as

DemographyLGBQ +Same-sex marriageSame-sex parentsSweden

Identifiers

PMID40620548
PMCPMC12227352

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.