ArticleCureus2025
Correlation Between Hormonal Modulation and Pregnancy Outcomes: The Impact of Estrogen Priming and Endometrial Receptivity in Intrauterine Insemination.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundIntrauterine insemination (IUI) is one of the most commonly used assisted reproductive techniques for couples experiencing fertility issues. This study examined the difference in pregnancy rates between women who received estrogen priming before the ovulation trigger and those who did not.
methodsThis observational study was conducted at a fertility clinic and involved 80 women who underwent IUI, aged 24-38 years. The study spanned 12 months. The participants were divided into two groups: those who would receive estrogen priming (n = 40) and those who served as non-primed controls (n = 40). The sample size was calculated using OpenEpi 3.0.0 (Dean AG, Sullivan KM, Soe MM. OpenEpi: Open Source Epidemiologic Statistics for Public Health, Version. www.OpenEpi.com, updated 2013/04/06). Patients in the primed group were administered estradiol valerate (2 mg/day) from days 3 to 10 of the menstrual cycle. Endometrial characteristics, including thickness and pattern, and serum hormone levels were evaluated prior to ovulation triggering. Clinical pregnancy was confirmed via ultrasound. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0 (Released 2018; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, US), with t-tests and chi-square tests applied. A p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
resultsEstrogen priming significantly improved endometrial thickness, with the primed group demonstrating a greater mean thickness compared to the control group (9.5 ± 1.3 mm vs. 7.6 ± 1.1 mm, p < 0.001). A positive correlation was observed between endometrial thickness and pregnancy outcomes (r = 0.41, p = 0.005).
conclusionThe use of estrogen significantly enhanced endometrial growth and was associated with improved pregnancy outcomes following IUI. Administering estradiol as part of hormonal support may optimize endometrial receptivity and improve the efficacy of clinical fertility procedures.
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