ArticleInfectious diseases and therapy2025
Long-Term Real-World Use of Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine: Adherence and Virological Efficacy over a 44-Month Observation Period.
Article in Infectious diseases and therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Real-World Safety and Effectiveness of Cabotegravir in People Living with HIV: Interim Report of a Post-marketing Surveillance in Japan.Advances in therapy · 2026Article
- Long-Acting Injectable Antiretroviral Therapies for HIV Treatment and Prevention: Clinical Pharmacology, Recent Advances and Future Opportunities.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Review
- Determinants of long-acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine discontinuation in real-world HIV care: insights from the relativity cohort.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Safety, Tolerability, and Metabolic Effects of Long-Acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine in HIV Care: A Comprehensive Review.Viruses · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionLong-acting cabotegravir/rilpivirine (LA-CAB/RPV) offers an effective alternative to daily oral antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH), especially those with adherence challenges. Despite increasing use of LA-CAB/RPV, long-term real-world data on durability, adherence, and virological outcomes remain limited to 2 years. This study provides detailed longitudinal data at the individual PLWH level, assessing adherence, safety, and efficacy over a period of up to 10 years.
methodsAll PLWH receiving LA-CAB/RPV at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf between 2021 and 2025 were analyzed over 44 months, including injection-naïve individuals and former registration trial participants. Clinical, laboratory, immunological, and virological data were reviewed.
resultsIn total, 102 PLWH received ≥ 2 LA-CAB/RPV injections: (a) 77 injection-naïve and (b) 20 injection-experienced participants from clinical trials; and 5 off-label treated participants who were analyzed separately. Among participants treated in-label, 84% (1417/1690) of injections were administered on time. However, 82% of all participants (80/97) experienced ≥ 1 delay, with 96% (77/80) of delays limited to 8-14 days. Virological suppression (VL < 50 copies/mL) was achieved by 97% throughout the observation period (94/97). In total, 14% (14/97), all of cohort (a), discontinued injection therapy and switched back to oral ART. Injection site reactions were reported by 64%, while mild systemic side effects occurred in 41% at some point, most commonly neuropsychiatric symptoms in those with a history of depression. One confirmed virological failure (CVF) occurred after 40 months in cohort (a); two CVFs were observed in the small off-label-treated subgroup.
conclusionsThis real-world study, with a 44-month observation period and follow-up of up to 10 years on LA-CAB/RPV, confirms its long-term efficacy and safety, supporting its durability as a maintenance option for PLWH, even with occasional delays and slightly lower adherence than seen in clinical trials, and additionally underscores the importance of individualized care and structured monitoring in real-world settings.
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Registered trials
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