Evidence mapPaperPMID 40627329Full record

ArticleHormones (Athens, Greece)2025

Identification of the serum uric acid threshold with increasing risk for diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes.

Mei Huang, Qianying Wei, Xin Chen, Yao Qin, Liuyan Dai, Yuxiao Li, Yong Gu, Yang Chen, Tao Yang, Mei Zhang

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In one paragraph

Article in Hormones (Athens, Greece), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Mei Huang *Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China.
Qianying Wei *Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China.
Xin ChenDepartment of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China.
Yao QinDepartment of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China.
Liuyan DaiDepartment of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China.
Yuxiao LiDepartment of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China.
Yong GuDepartment of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China.
Yang ChenDepartment of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China.
Tao YangDepartment of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China.
Mei ZhangDepartment of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China. zhangmei@njmu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2717-7167

Funding

the National Natural Science Foundation of China 82370828the Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project 2023ZD0508202the Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project ZDXK202200
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo investigate the correlation between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and the risk for diabetic nephropathy (DN) in Chinese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and determine the potential optimal SUA threshold.

methodsIn this case-control study, 913 T1DM patients were matched 1:1 with healthy controls by age and sex. Multivariable adjusted logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between SUA levels and the risk of developing DN. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was applied to investigate the optimal threshold for SUA. Additionally, longitudinal analysis of 94 patients with at least three visits accessed SUA variability correlations with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) changes using Spearman's correlation analysis. A linear mixed-effects model was performed to access the correlations in SUA, eGFR, and UACR over time.

resultsT1DM patients exhibited significantly lower median SUA levels (4.24 vs. 4.93 mg/dL, P < 0.001) than controls. The incidence of DN was 12% in T1DM patients. After adjusting for confounding factors, the SUA level was inversely significantly correlated with the risk for DN as a continuous variable (OR: 1.47; 1.25-1.74) and in quartile 4 (OR: 3.01; 1.44-6.50), respectively. The RCS plot revealed an identified threshold of SUA as being 4.30 mg/dL with increasing risk for DN. Correlation analysis showed the SUA variability significantly correlate with eGFR variability (r = 0.206, P = 0.046) and UACR variability (r = 0.405, P = 0.025). The linear mixed-effects model revealed a significant negative relationship between SUA and eGFR over time (R

conclusionsOur study revealed that decreased SUA level is common in T1DM and identified the threshold as being 4.30 mg/dL for increased DN risk.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetic NephropathiesUric AcidAdultCase-Control StudiesChinaFemaleGlomerular Filtration RateHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsUric AcidDiabetic nephropathySerum uric acidType 1 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID40627329

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.