ArticleScientific reports2025
Optimizing extracellular matrix for endothelial differentiation using a design of experiments approach.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Construction, evaluation, and applications of renal barrier-on-a-chip system.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a vital role in stem cell differentiation to endothelial cells in vivo and is also important for the specification of endothelial cells in vitro. Individual ECM components have previously been shown to support endothelial differentiation; here, we use a Design of Experiments approach to optimize ECM composition to more effectively drive endothelial differentiation. We found that a combination of Collagen I, Collagen IV, and Laminin 411 could induce endothelial differentiation well beyond that found with Matrigel, the most commonly used differentiation substrate for endothelial cells. We also show that the addition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) during differentiation improves outcomes and that transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) inhibits specification. The optimized ECM formulation (EO) was subsequently used to create bioprinted constructs, demonstrating its ability to spatially define endothelial differentiation in 3D environments. Our results build our mechanistic knowledge of the signaling axes that regulate differentiation in response to ECM stimulation with practical implications for the vascularization of engineered tissues.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.