ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2025
Associations of night sleep duration and daytime napping with diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between night sleep duration, daytime napping, and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients and to explore the potential mediating role of metabolic factors. Methods: In this cross-sectional, retrospective study, night sleep and napping were assessed according to the standardized questionnaire. The metabolic factors in the examination were systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), and HbA1c. Multivariate logistic regression and stratified and conjoint analysis were carried out. In addition, causal mediation analysis was performed to explore the mediating role. Results: A total of 2,433 patients [mean (SD) age, 55.82 (11.66) years; 40.07% women] were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of DR was 15.95%. Compared with reference groups, patients with long sleep [odds ratio (OR), 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.70] and long nap (1.09, 1.04-1.23) were both associated with DR, and stratified analysis showed that this association varied among different sex and diabetes duration groups. Conjoint analysis showed that patients with both long sleep and long naps had a significantly increased risk of DR (1.75, 1.13-2.71). Mediation analysis showed that metabolic factors partially mediated this association between night sleep, naps, and DR, contributing to 9.8% and 16.3% of the total effects, respectively. Conclusions: Long sleep and long nap were associated with DR, and male patients with T2D with a shorter course (<5 years) especially need to be vigilant. The effects of night sleep and naps on DR could be superimposed, and metabolic factors partially explain the underlying mechanism.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.